16 THE ORMURT OR BARGISTA LANGUAGE. [§30. 



grat'nati , O. granyi, a knot, the 0. word is probably really gral, and 

 is borrowed from the lyahnda gira ox giro, . In the Persian character the 

 word is written ''t f. 



{d) = original tr. Av. vi -|- tgrssaiti, Skr. vi -f trasati, O. ywa&a. he fears. But 

 in words borrowed from India, original tr is represented by t, as in Skr. 

 patra-, 0. pat, a leaf (§ 39). 



{e) == er. Av. erayo, O. se, three; Av. bra^rya-, 0. rasrai, a brother's son (see 

 § 15, 4) ; Av. miera-, 0. mesr or mersr, the sun. Regarding Av. caOru- 

 dasa, 0. hares, fourteen, see § 15, 4. 



(/) = Z'^- Skr. pramrsta-, O. sramot, forgetful ; Skr. prasp'ayate, 0. sras-^ek, to 

 swell ; Skr. prapayati, O. s'az^J, he gives. In O. si-hawa, he goes, the 

 origin of the prefix is not clear. The hawa is connected with Av. A^sav- , 

 Skr. y/cyu- (see h'ek in the vocabulary). With the &i, we may compare 

 the P. pre-, which H. 191 derives from Av. upairi-. Gieger, HI/ A, 177, 

 is inclined to refer it to Av. para-, O. Prs. and Skr. para-. Av. pairi- 

 always becomes 0. par or pra. See § 40, 2. 



(g) Original hr becomes r in O, rasrai, a brother's son, and remains unchanged 

 in 0. brusl, he glitters. See § 15, 4. 



(A) = original mr. vSkr. namra-, O. wors' or nos', soft. 



(/) = original sr. (?) Skr. visravayati, O. ywa^ai, he washes. 



(2) In one case s^ = original rd. Skr. ^ sward-, to taste, 0. x'^'^?') sweet. O. 

 ywardl (Skr. gardati, he roars), is evidently borrowed from India. 



§ 30. I. 

 As explained in § i, Rem. 3, this letter is pronounced exactly like the Persian z. 

 It chiefly occurs in words borrowed from P. The only 0. instance that I have noted 

 is the verb daz-'ek, to load. This I connect with the Av. y/dar9z-, to \\o\6. ^rm., 

 Skr. ^''d'rs-. This would lead us to refer the letter to an original Av. rz. Rz, the 

 equivalent of the Skr. rj, is represented by x- See § 22, 3. 



C. FRICATIVES. 



§31- ^. 

 (i) This letter represents an original initial c. An original medial c becomes z (§ 

 38, 2). Phi. -cak, 0. hoi, a diminutive suffix, as in mdr-hol, an ant; Av. cadwar-, O. 

 hnr,io\.\x; hv. casman-, O. horn (pi. hami) , an eye; Av. a'-, 0. ^", what?; O. Prs. 

 ciyant-, 0. hen, what ?; Skr. curnayati, he pulverises, O. hunawi, he sifts. In Phi. 

 candinitan, 0. hwan-'ek, to shake out dust, a w has been inserted (see § 14, 8). 



(2) A Skr. ts becomes O. i in Skr. vatsa-, O. ywah, a calf. 



(3) Apparently i = original s in Av. y/vas-, 0. ywatsl, he speaks, but this is a 

 doubtful case. The original was probably Av. Skr. ^vac- (see § 28, 4). The diffi- 

 culty here is that the c of ^vac- is not initial. As for Av. ^sav-, Skr. ^ycyu-, O. 

 hawa, he goes, the original Indo-European form of the root was qieu- (Brugmann, 

 Grundriss, ii, 916), and the case is really one of a change of initial c to h. In O. 



