14 THE ORMURI OR BARGISTA LANGUAGE. [§26. 



without aspiration. Such are az ox haz, I ; ha or a , he is ; ho or o, this ; hon or on, 

 this much ; and hayek or ayek, to remain. 



B. PALATALS AND CEREBRAL SPIRANTS. 

 § 26. c. 



(i) This letter is very rare in 0. An original initial c almost always becomes h, 

 and an original medial c becomes z (§ 38, 2), while an original nc becomes nek 



(§32,5)- 



(2) As an initial, it has been noted in three words, cig, high ; clw, a cave ; and 

 clw, a roof. The derivation of none of these words is known to me. With cig we may 

 compare the Pisaca (Sina) zlgo, long. Possibly clw, is not two words, but is one word 

 with two meanings. 



(3) As a medial, it occurs only as a palatalization of k or h, before the plural 

 termination l. Thus, kwalanak, a boy, pi. kwalanacl ; duk" , a girl, pi. duel ; and many 

 others. So M^, a partridge, pi. had. 



§ 27. /. 

 (i) This letter rarely occurs in O. An original / usually becomes ck. In one 

 word, Av. vlsaiti, 0. jlstu, an original vl has become jl. It is probably a case of the 

 palatalization of y before I, as also happens in the case of c (§ 26, 3). For the origin 

 of the y, see § 14, 2. On the other hand in the case of original vi, there is no pala- 

 talization, an original initial vi becoming ywa. In Bal. gist, twenty, the correspond- 

 ing initial g has not been palatalized. 



(2) When di is followed by l it is palatalized to /, as in 0. pendz, five ; panjl- 

 jlstu, twenty-five. 



(3) As in the case of jlstii in No. i above, the letters g and y become palatalized 

 to j before the jjlural termination I. But in this case, the / again becomes di, so that 

 the grammatical rule is that final g and y become di in the plural. (§ 32, 3). 



§28. s,s. 

 (i) The letters s and s are interchangeable in O., as in the word sor or sor, a 

 city (Prs. sdr). They are hence considered together (see § i, Rem. 3). 



(2) s = original s : — 



{a) Initial : — Skr. sali-, O. sol, paddy. This, however is almost certainly bor- 

 rowed from Waziri P., so that no certain examples are available for 

 original initial s. Cf. § 31, 3. In other cases an initial Skr. s is repre- 

 sented by s (§ ^y, 2a). 



{b) Medial :— Av. ewarsti, O. trast, he cuts ; Skr. risati, he tears, O. rasl, he 

 spins, ras-tl or rosl, he causes to spin. For the change of s to s in rasl, 

 cf. Prs. resldan or ristan, to spin, and cf. § 37, 26. 



(3) s = original z (/), as in Av. hrazaiti, Skr. b'rajate, 0. brusl, he shines. 



(4) An original s becomes b in Av. ^vas-, Bal. gwas-ay, to say, 0. ywaU, he 



