12 THE ORMURI OR BARGISTA LANGUAGE. [§ 22. 



(4) k = original sk in O. Prs. uska-, O. w{y)uk, dry. 



(5) The ka suffix. This suffix appears under the form of -k, with a feminine -k". 

 Thus :— 



{a) MascuHne nouns. Av. ap-, 0. w"-k, water; Av. star-, 0. stirr-ak, a star ; Av. 

 \/ya-, come ; O. (i:a-k, a place. 



(b) Feminine nouns. Skr. c'aya^ Prs. saya, O. s(y)a-^", shade; Av. gao, an ox; 



0. ga-k", flesh. 



(c) Adjectives. Av. tafta-, Skr. tapta-, 0. ^0-^, hot ; Av. y/mar-, die, O. w^-^, 



withered. 



(^) It is added to the negatives na-k and (prohibitive) ma-k, not. 



{e) The most prominent use is in past participles and infinitives. These are in 

 each case identical in form, and end in ak, ok, or ek. Thus, Av. ddrdta-, 

 cut, O. dil-ak, reaped, or to reap ; Av. \/jan-, strike, Skr, hata-, struck, 

 0. (k-ok, struck, or to strike; Skr. gup'ita-, plaited, 0. yuf-'ek, woven, 

 or to weave. The origin of the various vowels preceding the k is not yet 

 satisfactorily established to my mind, but the fact that the termination 

 k is the ka suffix is evident. 



§ 22. X- 



(1) X = original x ■— 



{a) Initial : — Phi. x'Jf^dUan, to laugh, O. x<^wa, he laughs. 



(b) Medial : — O. Prs. amaxam, 0. mdx, us (§ 21, 3) ; Phi. pux-tan, 0. paxek, to 

 cook ; Av. ma^axa-, O. mex, a locust. 



(2) X = original k' . Skr. muk'a-, O. miix, the face ; Skr. sik'a-, a point, 0. sux- 

 aw-'ek, to prick. 



(3) X = an original rz (Skr. yj)in Av. ^marz-, Skr. y/mrj-, 0. mux-aw-'ek, to rub. 

 Cf. Prs. mus-tan, P. mus-^H, Northern P. mux-"l- The word may possibly be borrowed 

 from Northern P., but this is extremely unlikely. O. always does its borrowing from 

 the Southern, Waziri, P. Also cf. 0. and Munjani max, ^- mas, us. Rz ( == Skr. rs) 

 is probably represented by 0. z (§ 30). 



(4) Very similarly, we have x representing original s in Av. ars-, 0. fo-x, truth. 



(5) Initial x = original x'^ (Skr. sv). Av. x^^^^^<^"j Skr. svasura-, 0. x^^^j a 

 father-in-law. But original x^ (Skr. sv) is preserved. See the next. 



(6) As a member of a compound consonant, original x is found combined with r, 

 with sibilants, and with v. x^ becomes s' (§ 29, i&). In combination with sibilants 

 ix^, x^'^,), the X always disappears (§§ 28, 8 ; 37, 3). But, with the single exception 

 of x^^f, in 5 above (in which x'^^ = Skr. sv), original x^ ( == Skr. sv) remains un- 

 changed in 0., as x^- Thus Av. x^«^^«^-, Skr. swasar-, O. x^^^, a sister; Av. 

 xvafna-,0. x^^aw, a dream ; Av. v/x^^^-, O. x^^^-<^^> to eat, x'ma, he eats (§ 17, 

 3); Skr. swasnya-, 0. x^^^^kai, a sister's son; Skr. ^sward-, to taste, 0. x^(^?, 

 sweet; Av. x^<^io, O. x^'^i, own. 



(7) x'^ = original sp' in Skr. sp'atayati, 0. x>^(^srawl, he opens; Skr. sp'urati, 

 0. xiirti, he trembles. In x^'^^syawl, the original s has been preserved by metathesis. 



