4 THE ORMURI OR BARGISTA LANGUAGE. [§ 6. 



(a) Initial : — No examples. 



(b) Medial : — Av. pitar-, 0. pie ; Skr, mahisa-, O. mis, with syncope of ah. The 



preposition nis generally becomes na (§ 3, 3), but in one case it becomes 

 ni ; Skr. nis + sarati, O. nisi. 



(2) As in Bal. (EB. § 5, 3), under the influence of a neighbouring palatal letter 

 or r, an original a may be represented hyi. Thus: — Skr. saknoti, O. hUt, he is able; 

 Av. tarsti-, 0. Ay/tist- ; Av. star-, O. stirrak, a star; Av. x^^swra-, O. x^^^ 5 P^il- ^^^3 

 meal, 0. hlP'ek, to grind ; Av. arosa-, 0. Mfs, a bear. In Skr. ^/nam-, 0. s/^^W", 

 the i probably represents ". See § i, Rem. i. 



(3) So, under the influence of r, original 9 is represented by i in Av. mdrdya- , 

 O. mirg". 



(4) The Sanskrit vowel r appears as ir in Skr. grndti, O. yin. Cf. hlrs below. 



(5) We have nasalization of i in Phi. ard, meal, 0, hiP'ek, to grind ; Av. ardsa-, 

 Skr. rksa-, 0. hins or /zifs, a bear ; Skr. saknoti, 0. /jt^^F, he is able. 



§6. I. 



Regarding this vowel, see § 1, Rem. i. 

 (i) I == original i : — 

 Medial : — Skr. vrihi-, 0. riih-aii, rice. > 



(2) In Av. x^^p-, O' siw, night, after the palatal s, a has become l, instead of i 

 (§ 5 J 2), in compensation for the weakening of the following p to w. 



(3) In Av. zdfdd- , there has been metathesis of the r, and the two 9S coming to- 

 gether, have become i, in 0. zll, the heart. 



(4) I is often the result of crasis. Thus Av. raieya- becomes 0. rai ; Av. navaiti- 

 becomes 0. nawl ; Av. aysaena- becomes 0. sln{wu) ; and Av. spaeta- becomes spiw. 

 Of special importance is the termination of the third person singular of the verbal 

 present, Av. -aiti, Skr. -ati. After syncope of the /, as has occurred in the similar 

 case of Av. navaiti-, the termination becomes 0. I. Thus, Av. baraiti, Skr. b'arati, 

 0. w"n, he carries. 



§ 7. M. 

 Regarding this vowel, see § i, Rem. i. 



{1) u ^ original u. 



(a) Initial : — -No instances noted. Initial u becomes wu. See 4 below. 

 (6) Medial : — Av. gantuma-, O. gunum , wheat ; Av. sukurdna-, O. siikal, a porcu- 

 pine. In the former, the first a has become u (see No. 2, below), and in 

 the latter, the second u has become a (see § 3, 4). 



(2) u = original a in Av. gantuma-, 0. gunum ; Av. gardwa-, 0. guru. In both 

 cases the change is due to the influence of the u in the following syllable. Av. span-, 

 Medic o-TrJ^a, O. spuk; Av. \/marz-, 0. v/^^X"'^^" ; Av. ^mar-, 0. ^/mul-. In these 

 the change is due to the preceding labial letter. In the same way we can explain Av. 

 hrdzaiti, Skr. b'rdjate, 0. brusi, he glitters. In this connexion compare Av. ^/pac-, 

 Phi., Prs. pux-tan, but O. pax-'ek. 



(3) u = original U in Skr. ^'curn-, 0. A^^un-aw-, sift. 



(4) An initial original u becomes wu, as in O. Prs. us + y/std-, 0. ^/wust-, rise. 



