146 J. HORNELL ON 



wnile padaos range from 30 to 60 tons. Both are ordinarily two-masted, but 

 occasionally a very large battela carries a third mast right aft. Both carry a long 

 jibboom inclined sharply upwards. High-peaked rather baggy lateen sails are 

 favoured. 



Battela and padao are alike square in the stern, which is little raked ; the larger 

 battelas have a counter sometimes elaborately carved and painted, together with a 

 rudder trunk. All have means for erecting temporary weather-boarding in the waist — 

 a feature characteristic of all Gujarat boats, whether they be battelas, padaos or fish- 

 ing machwas. As might be inferred from the geographical range, the battela forms 

 a link between the baggala and kotia on the one hand and the more southern patta- 

 mar on the other, the stern part of the hull being closely related to the former, 

 whereas the rig, particularly in the greater rake of the masts, the cut of the sails, 

 and the presence of a jibboom, approximates to that of the pattamar. 



KoNKAN Coasters. 



From Bombay to North Canara and indeed as far as Mangalore, an entirely differ- 

 ent type of coaster is seen, the pattamar. Here we get at last a design which is cer- 

 tainly indigenous and influenced slightly or not at all by European and Arab example. 



Pattamar s are readily distinguished by their great sheer fore and aft, the long 

 curved overhang of the bow, their great beam in the quarters, particularly when, as 

 in the true type, the stern is rounded, and more than all by the great rake of the 

 two masts, whereof the main is often nearly as long as the foremast. 



They carry a long slender jibboom rigged in or out as required and in the largest, 

 size a third short mast right aft. 



The great relative length of the after mast is noteworthy ; its sail is larger than 

 in the Arab type of boat, and instead of being seldom set when off the wind — the 

 Arab habit — it is in general and constant use and figures as a principal and not an 

 accessory sail. 



These boats, unlike kotia s and baggalas, are essentially coasters and fair-weather 

 craft. Hence we find neither permanent bulwarks nor properly laid deck. When 

 required a temporary bulwark of matting and bamboos is employed, further protec- 

 tion for the cargo and crew being provided by a pent-house structure thatched with 

 coconut leaves, between the masts. Fore and aft there is a short length roughly 

 planked over, the remainder being lightly covered with split bamboos laced together 

 and laid on the athwartship beams ; it is just strong enough to support a man's 

 weight. The true type is best among the smaller sizes ; these hail chiefly from Ratna- 

 giri and Raj pur. In the larger sizes foreign influence is apparent in the transom form 

 of the stern and in the short raised poop, very commonly seen, and the plain oiled 

 treatment of the hull. 



Pattamars have none of the fine finish loved of the Arab. No carving adorns 

 the poop when present, neither is the hull brightly banded with gaudy colours and 

 only some of the largest are left handsome in well-oiled nudity. Usually a coating of 

 dull earthy paint, dark red by preference, is applied above the waterline with a black 



