Introduction to the Study of the Fauna of an Island in the Chilka 



Lake. 



By N. AnnandaIvE, D.Sc, F.A.S.B., Zoological Survey of India. 



With a List of the Plants. 



By V. Nara YANASWAMi , M.A., and H. G. Carter, M.B., Botanical Survey of India. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Prefatory Note 



I. Physiography of the Island — 

 Geographical position and area 

 Climate 

 Structure . . . . . . 



Changes in water-level 



II. Paleontology — 



Potamides (Tympanotonos) cingulatus 



Area granosa . . . . 



Meretrix casta 



Sunnetta scripia 



Comparison between deposits on Barkuda and on mainland 



III. Vegetation — 



General character of the vegetation 



Comparison between flora and vegetation of Barkuda and those of other islands 



Vegetation of the foreshore 



The Pongamia Zone 



Vegetation of sandy areas 



The original Ficetum and its substituted thickets 



Vegetation of rocks and stony areas 



Vegetation of cleared areas 



Page 

 257 



259 

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 261 

 263 



265 

 268 

 270 

 272 

 272 



274 

 276 



279 

 280 

 281 



282 

 285 

 285 



PREFATORY NOTE. 

 I have known Barkuda Island in the Chilka Tyake for over seven years and 

 have from time to time made collections upon it and studied its fauna with an 

 ill-defined end in view. In the summer and autumn of 191 9, for three months of 

 which (Augustj September and October) I made the island my head-quarters, and 

 again in December of the same year and in April, June, July, August and September, 

 1920, an opportunity occurred to undertake more concerted investigations, and I 

 attempted to carry out an intensive zoological survey. In doing so I realized that 



