34 INJURY BY SMELTER WASTES. 
From all the work done in the vicinity of Anaconda the following 
definite conciusions can be drawn: 
(1) The forests around the smelter appear from actual chemical 
analysis to be injured for at least 10 miles north of the smelter, 6 
miles south of the smelter, and 13 miles west of the smelter. 
(2) This injury to forests by sulphur dioxid undoubtedly extends 
to a distance of 15 to 20 miles north of the smelter, 8 miles south of 
the smelter, 15 miles west of the smelter, and perhaps even farther 
in certain localities, although not proved by chemical analysis. 
(3) The junipers are very resistant to smelter fumes and are able 
to grow close to the smelter; the red firs are susceptible to the fumes 
and are badly damaged at distances of about 15 miles or perhaps 
even farther; the lodgepole pines are intermediate between the other 
two species of trees, but show damage for at least 10 miles. 
(4) Large quantities of arsenic are discharged from the smelter 
on the surrounding country, this poison being found in forage crops 
in large enough quantities to poison cattle. 
(5) The waste from the reduction plant discharged into the Deer 
Lodge River renders it unfit for irrigation purposes. 
(6) The land irrigated by the Deer Lodge River, containing the 
waste from the reduction plant, is greatly injured by the copper 
present in the irrigation water. 
(7). The soils irrigated by the Deer Lodge River which were 
studied by the writer do not contain enough alkali salts to be in- 
jurious to ordinary farm crops. 
METHODS OF ANALYSIS USED IN INVESTIGATIONS. 
FOLIAGE OF TREES. 
Moisture.¢ 
Dry a convenient quantity (about 2 grams) of the substance in the boiling- 
water bath until the material ceases to lose weight. 
Ash. 
Char a convenient quantity of the substance, representing about 2 grams, 
at the lowest possible heat. Exhaust the charred mass with water, collect 
the insoluble residue on a filter, burn till the ash is white or nearly so, and 
then add the filtrate to the ash and evaporate to dryness. Heat the whole 
to low redness and weigh. 
Sulphur trioxid.% 
Place from 1.50 to 2.50 grams of material in a nickel crucible of about 100 
ce capacity and moisten with approximately 2 ce of water. Mix thoroughly, 
using a nickel or platinum rod. Add 5 grams of pure anhydrous sodium car- 
@ Official and Provisional Methods of Analysis, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bureau of 
Chemistry, Bul. 107. 
