Crin. 156 



together, making fossil limestone beds of mixed broken and 

 perfect specimens, in vast numbers. They died also individu- 

 ally, and fell apart ; their joints, separated and ground together 

 by currents, were heaped on shores, or scattered far and wide 

 over the sea bottom; consequently they are among the com- 

 monest, most easily recognizable, and most beautiful fossil 

 forms that are found ; and always in the limestone rocks, or in 

 lime shales, or in limy sandstone strata, of all ages. The best 

 collecting ground has thus far been at the Falls of the Ohio, 

 where they can be got in their perfection and of extreme 

 beauty. In Pennsylvania the separated joints or discs of the 

 stem are most commonly found, oftentimes in multitudes, ex- 

 posed on the faces of the rock layers, or pervading the lime- 

 stone beds. 



In Trenton limestone, crinoidal (encrinital) stems were 

 found by Prof. Prime, in Lehigh Co., Pa., in lime quarries just 

 south of Ironton (D2, 57) and in Northampton Co., Knock's 

 farm, near Dech''s quarry, 1:^ m. S. W. of Bath, (D3, 161): 

 abundant at Christian Spring, and eastward all the way beyond 

 Nazareth, in the limestone and shale outcrops, but only visible 

 on the weathered surfaces ; sparingly seen at A. Knecht's, ^ 

 m. S. W. of Stockertown, close to the Bushkill; abundant in 

 upper beds of Ohurchville quarry, dimly visible even on fresh 

 fracture, with Leptcena sericea^ Orthis testudinaria and O. 

 peetinella ; in several lime outcrops on Ackerman's farm, ^ m. 

 E. of Keller's tavern, only one genus (D3, 163); close to 

 cement beds at Nazareth, (p. 165); at J. I. Miller's quarry, S. 

 side the Portland anticlinal (p. 167.) — In Centre Co., Pa., they 

 appear in H. D. Rogers' Bellefonte Section, bed K^ Trenton^ 

 (T, p. 56.)— Specimens in the Cabinet (see 00, p. 281) 203-4, 

 a slab covered on one side with crinoid stems, ends only visible ; 

 203-26, small fragments ; 203-29, mostly ends ; 203-34, frag- 

 ments; 203-38 a^ stems; 203-39, stems, mixed with bits of 

 Iryozoa] 203-43, stems, fragments; 210-22, stems, mostly frag- 

 ments, poor: 210-116 a^ stems, many fragments; all from near 

 Bellefonte. Trenton. TI e. 



In Loraine {Hudson river) shale formation, crinoid stems 

 are found in Raver's Gap, Tussey Mtn., Bedford Co., Pa. (T2, 

 p. 178).— Specimens in the Cabinet (see OO, p. 232) 302-1, 

 very poor fragments ; 304-1, ends, of no value ; 304-5 (eight 



