126 THE OLIVE 



sliould be cut away till the sound wood is reached and this should 

 be well spread with grafting wax. 



INSECTICIDES. 



If the orchard is sprayed once a year it will be sufficient, and the 

 best time is in the winter sfter all danger from frost has passed. 

 Wliah^ oil soai) is an excellent remedy but it has not the efficiQucv 



j[ f • ' 



of kerosene. It will kill the coccids but has no effect upon their 

 eoHvs. Kerosene pure and sim])le would be a dangerous and entirely 

 unnecessary remedy to use, but diluted ten times with water it bc- 

 c()mes much less expensiye and by far the most efficacious. 



The United fStates Dejiartment of Agriculture has imblished the 

 foUowino; reciiK^ to make thirty ii;allons of vs^ash. 



EMULSIOX. 



Kerosene, 2 gallons 67 per cent. 



Whale oil "soai^, h i^ound .,., 



^ ^ V oo per cent. 



Water, 1 gallon j 



Boil the soap inthe water till entirely dissolyed then add it to 

 the two gallons of kerosene, aiid churn the mixture thoroughly for 

 five or ten minutes. The emulsion if perfect forms a cream which 

 thickens on cooling, and should adhere without oiliness to the sur- 

 face of ^^dass. Any dano:er in the use of kerosene lies in the faulty 

 or half-made emulsion. The soap may be of insufficient strength 

 through exposure or some similar cause, wdien an increase will 

 ohYioQ the oil and water to emulsify, and will also make the enud- 

 sion nearly permanent. 



The percentage of kerosene should not exceed eighty per cent., as 

 the oil weighs six and a lial^* pounds to the gallon, while water 

 weiodis eidit, and more cannot easily be held in suspension in water. 

 On the other hand in the process of emulsification, kerosene loses 

 a portion of its yalue as an insecticide, and emulsions containing 

 less than thirty per cent, of oil, although they may not separate 



