Practical Orcharding On Rough Lands. 1 1 



Care and Cultivation 133 



Why we cultivate—Cultivate to set free plant food — ^To 

 deepen a soil — Cultivate to increase moisture holding 

 capacity — To retain moisture — Cultivate to hasten decom- 

 position of plants — Cultivate to destroy plants — To develop 

 plants — Growing plants — Growing plants to supply humus 

 — Growing plants to control the growth of other plants — 

 Terminal bud — Different methods necessary in different 

 sections — Care of the orchard — Crops first year — Care of 

 trees first season — Kind of wrappers to use — Winter care 

 of the orchard^ — Crops to grow in young orchards — Summer 

 cover crops — Winter cover crops— Treatment of cover 

 crops — Mulches — Dust mulch — Foreign mulches — Mulch 

 grown in orchard — A growing mulch — Sod mulch — Self- 

 mulched trees — Care of trees. 



CHAPTER XIL 



Pruning 1 89 



The planters ideal— The ideal tree — An ideal fruit tree — 

 Low-headed trees — Habit of growth of tree — Purpose of 

 pruning—The first effect — Pruning to modify vigor — Check- 

 ing growth to cause fruitfulness — Pruning to produce 

 larger and better fruit — Pruning to remove^ unnecessary 

 parts — Pruning to remove injured parts — Pruning to renew 

 bearing wood — Pruning to renew bearing wood in old trees 

 — ^Treatment of water sprouts — Pruning only for form and 

 size — Pruning to form the head of the tree — Pruning to re- 

 move insect infested parts — Pruning to bring into manage- 

 able shape — Pruning with regard to the location and forma- 

 tion of the flower buds — Art and science of pruning as re- 

 lated to flower buds— When to prune — How to prune — 

 Where to cut — ^What tools to use — Cutting large limbs — 

 Treatment of woimds — Remove the brush — Summary. 



CHAPTER XHL 



Spraying 247 



How and when to spray — Protection — ^Thoroughness — ^What 

 shall we spray with— Insects— Spraying for scale — Appli- 

 ances — Pump — Length of hose — Nozzle. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



Picking, Packing and Marketing 266 



When to pick — By what shall we be governed in piddng— 

 Make several pickings— How to pick— What to use in pick- 

 ing—Packages—Marketing—When to market. 



