Practical Orcharding On Rough Lands. 1 25 



even necessary when passing through a fruit 

 section to ask from which direction the prevail- 

 ing winds come, as the leaning trees with their 

 dead sides stand as constant reminders of the 

 effect of the winds together with careless plant- 

 ing. Both of these troubles might have been 

 obviated by placing the trees in a proper posi- 

 tion. That is when setting lean them toward 

 the prevailing winds. An angle of 45 degrees 

 often proves none too much, as by the time the 

 trees are two years set they will stand straight 

 and by this time if proper care has been given 

 to the formation of the top it will shade the 

 body so that the danger of sun scald will be 

 passed and the tree has become anchored and 

 wiU hold its position. 



Sun-Scald. — This trouble from which so 

 many trees suffer is frequently brought about 

 by winter conditions. When the body of the 

 tree is leaning from the sun it often happens 

 that the bark on the exposed side will thaw 

 during the warm hours of the winter days, — 

 which are from 12 to 2 o'clock, — ^while the bark 

 on the opposite side of the tree is still frozen. 

 When night comes on this bark is, of course, 

 frozen; the next day this occurs again, and so 

 finally after many such changes, the bark on 

 the exposed side is killed, and sticks tight to 



