254 Practical Orcharding On Rough Lands. 



the different mixtures at various strengths, we 

 must next consider what material to use. Be- 

 fore we can do this we must call to mind what 

 has been said about the troubles we are pro- 

 tecting against. We have said there are two 

 great classes of troubles, fungi, and insects. For 

 the fungous troubles we use some of the things 

 which we find listed in our Bulletins and Spray 

 Calendars as Fungicides; the chief of which 

 has been for years the Bordeaux Mixture (Blue 

 Stone and lime in various proportions), the 

 4-4-50 having l^een a standard strength. 



We also have the Lime Sulphur Solutions, 

 the home boiled, known as the California 

 Wash; the chemically prepared Lime-Sulphur, 

 and the Self-Boiled Lime Sulphur. These with 

 the Bordeaux are the principal fungicides of 

 the day and may be used as a protection against 

 such fungous troubles as Apple Scab, whether 

 it be found on leaf, flower, stem or fruit. We 

 are persuaded that there has been more loss 

 of crops caused by the scab in some of its form 

 than any other fungi. Many orchards bloom 

 profusely without setting; any fruit. The cause 

 is frequently attributed to cold winds, rains at 

 blooming time, etc., while trees under similar 

 conditions which have been sprayed have borne 

 full crops. The real difference being that in 



