64 THE ORCHIDS OF NEW ENGLAND. 
Ichneumonide at first surpassed all other visitors in observation 
and discernment, and were thus able to produce inconspicuous 
flowers which escaped the notice of other visitors. On the 
appearance of sand-wasps and bees these inconspicuous flowers 
were banished by competition to the less frequented localities 
(e. g., Listera to shady woods).” 
Our larger species, Lestera convallarioides, due ten days or so 
later in damp places along brooks, has 
a longer column than JL. cordata, and 
the flowers are somewhat pubescent or 
downy. JL. convallarioides, as 1 learn 
partly from the Report of the Geological 
Exploration of the 40th Parallel, has 
the following extended range: “ Can- 
ada to North Carolina (rare in lower 
New England for some mysterious rea- 
son), westward to Rocky Mountains and 
Unalaska. Found in the East Hum- 
boldt Mountains at an elevation of 7,000 
t, 2 Flower of Taparis Le feet.” Both our species are so faintly 
selit 
£ . . 
3 Seed-vessels of same colored that it is almost absurd to speak 
4 Flower of Listera conval- 
larioides (Antherremoved) of them as having color at all, and they 
are so fragile, watery and translucent in substance that it is 
impossible to represent them in a sketch without exaggerating 
their size. I have grouped them with a species of Liparis, or 
Twayblade, ZL. Laseli, a small, coarse herb with the greenish- 
yellow colors of the Listeras, and like them a dweller in wet 
places. 
In Liparis, which is a genus of the tribe Malaxidee, “the 
anther is attached to the apex of the elongated, incurved col- 
umn; the 4 pollen-masses arranged in one row (2 to each cell) 
have no stalks, connecting tissues or gland.” These herbs have 
“solid bulbs.” The lip is spurless as in Listera; and in ZL. Las- 
elzt, whose flowers have a combative air like so many little drag- 
