THE ORCHIDS OF NEW ENGLAND. 105 
fertilization is effected by the agency of large Lepidoptera and 
Hymenoptera. The movements of rotation and depression are 
pretty slow but distinct.” 
This species ranges Northwestward to Lake Superior, and fol- 
lows the Alleghanies to Virginia, if not still farther south. I 
have placed it, in the illustration, in unnatural combination 
with A. psycodes that the coarseness of the one may be com- 
pared with the delicacy of the other. 
Three species of Spiranthes link July with August. S. Xoman- 
goviana bears, like S. latifolia, its flowers in three ranks and its 
leaves at the base of the stem. Sepals and petals unite ina 
close hood over the lip, the flowers have the odor of violets, 
and there is in general a resemblance to the later S. cernua. 
A physician living in North-eastern Vermont writes me that he 
has jumped from his carriage many a time, supposing he had at 
last found this Spiranthes; only to renew again his acquaint- 
ance with S. cernua. 
This pretty flower has not been credited to New England by 
the botanies; but inhabits many of the cold upland bogs of our 
three northern States. Its range, as given in the Report of the 
Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel, is remarkable. 
“Maine and Canada to Lake Superior, the Saskatchewan and 
Washington Territory; northward to Unalaska and southward 
to California and Colorado. East Humboldt Mts., 6,000 to 
8,000 feet, July-Sept.” It is a singular fact that this Orchid is 
confined, in Europe, to a few bogs in County Cork, Ireland, and 
Prof. Gray would have it that “these are merely the last or 
among the last lingering stations of a species once common to 
both continents.” I accept this explanation more easily but 
not more graciously than I do that given in “ Colzm Clout’s 
Calendar,’ in the chapter entitled, “ Some American Colonists,” 
where Grant Allen affirms his belief that the seeds were carried 
across the ocean by chance, at some remote period. Its origin 
may be uncertain but not so its end; for the last named writer 
