120. THE ORCHIDS OF NEW ENGLAND. 
view as you look irito the narrow opening of the flower; anda 
proboscis or bristle introduced and following as it will the 
curvature of the lip-like or nozzle-shaped apex of the lip, and 
passed down to its nectar-bearing base will inevitably hit the 
disc, and if detained a moment, will bring the pollinia away 
when withdrawn. On re-introduction, the pollen-masses will 
not pass down to the stigma, but lodge on the upper side of 
the column, from which they were taken. But on looking into 
older flowers of the same spike, still fresh and good, whether 
their pollen-masses have been extracted or not, the stigma is 
in full view, the summit of the column being now turned some- 
what upward and backward; and there is now room enough be- 
tween it and the lip, for the pollen to pass; indeed, now the pol- 
len-masses will regularly hit the stigma.” Bees proceed, there- 
fore, in visiting these flowers just as they do when visiting the 
Ladies-Tresses. The description of the fertilization of G. repens, 
I should have said before, agrees with that of G. pubescens. 
Darwin again says: “In no other member of the Neottieze 
(the tribe-to which Goodyera and Spiranthes belong), ob- 
served by me is there so near an approach to the formation of 
a true stalk, and ‘it is curious that in this genus, Goodyera, alone, 
the pollen-grains cohere in large packets, as in the Ophree” 
(the tribe containing with us Orchis and Habenaria). “In 
the rostellum being supported by sloping sides, which wither 
when the viscid disc is removed—and in the existence of a 
membranous cup or clinandrum between the stigma and 
anther—and in some other respects, we have a clear affinity 
with Spiranthes. Goodyera probably shows us the state of 
the organs in g group of Orchids, now mostly extinct, but the 
parents of many living descendants.” In the chapter entitled, 
he traces the development of the 
? 
“Gradation of Organs,’ 
caudicle or stem of the pollen-mass in the different genera. 
“As I find that chloroform has a peculiar and energetic action 
on the caudicles of all Orchids, and likewise on the glutinous 
