THE ORCHIDS OF NEW ENGLAND. 131 
to cut away the old stems in autumn and to give a slight 
top-dressing of the same mixture.” The frame was covered 
with mats in winter and great pains taken with the drain- 
age; excessive moisture in his, as in Sweet’s judgment, doing 
more injury than cold. 
Among those in New England who make a business of culti- 
vating our native Orchids is Mr. Edward Gillett of Southwick, 
Mass., who tells me that he has been most successful with the 
following species: Cyps. artetinum, pubescens and parviflorunt ; 
Habenartas virescens, Hookeri, fimbriata, psycodes ; Goodyera 
pubescens ; Spiranthes cernua and gracilis; Aplectrum hyemate. 
“ Calypso borealis, obtained from Oregon, does well in sand, the 
wire worms eating the bulbs badly if planted in anything else.” 
W.L. Foster, of Hanover, Mass., has succeeded well in raising 
the Cypripediums in a partially shaded border of leaf mould 
mulched with leaves. “C. acaule, however, always dies out 
within a year or two. I think it might do better if seed’ were 
sown in soil similar to that in which it naturally grows. 
Calypso has been tried in various situations, but I have never 
seen it after the second year, and others who have tried to 
grow it have had the same experience. A friend has grown 
many species with fair success in a brick tank filled with 
swampy soil, mulched with sphagnum and kept moist.” F. H. 
Horsford, Charlotte, Vt., has the following “hardy ” species on 
his Trade List: Both Orchises; Habenarias, hyperborca, dila- 
tata, obtusata, Hookert, orbiculata, celiarts, lacera, psycodes, fim- 
brtata ; the three Goodyeras ; Spiranthes, Romanzoviana, cernua, 
graminea and simplex, Listeras, cordata and convallarioides ; A. 
bulbosa ; Pogonias, opkioglossoides and verticillata ; C. pulchellus ; 
Calypso borealis; T. discolor; both species of Liparis,; A. 
hyemate and all the Cypripediums. 
C. acaule appears to be invariably disobliging. Mr. R. A. Salis- 
bury * as far back as 1812, planted it in peat earth mixed with 
* Transactions London Hort, Socrety, 
