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ENCYCLOPEDIA OP PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



Oil Sprays 



There is a growing opinion among 

 orcliardists that oil as a spray for scale, 

 aphis and various insect and fungus 

 pests, is better than lime-sulphur. We 

 think that at the present time the ques- 

 tion has not been sufficiently tested to 

 justify the expression of an opinion here, 

 but the fact that some careful orcliard- 

 ists prefer it, raises a strong presump- 

 tion in favor of its merits. As these 

 sprays are generally prepared they are 

 made of crude petroleum. However, a 

 new oil has been manufactured from 

 the waste timber of the forests of the 

 Pacific coast and out of it is being pre- 

 pared a spray called the "Crest Spray," 

 for which its manufacturers claim the 

 following merits: 



The chemical analysis shows tar and 

 kindred products, naphthal, pyroligeneous 

 acid, Douglas fir oil, phenols, creosote, 

 turpentine, resin, sulphur and soda. It 

 is non-poisonous and harmless to the 

 operator, who can put his hand into the 

 solution without any other effect than 

 removing the dirt. 



The Crest spray requires no boiling or 

 preparation like lime-sulphur and other 

 sprays. It is shipped in very concen- 

 trated form so that while its price, $1.25 

 per gallon in barrel lots, is higher than 

 most sprays, yet when diluted with 50 

 parts of water to one of the spray for 

 winter spraying and 75 to 100 for sum- 

 mer spraying, it is more economical than 

 lime-sulphur. It does not require nearly 

 so heavy a pressure on the spray-pump 

 as lime-sulphur. Being composed of oils 

 which have a great spreading power 

 when applied to wood, it penetrates the 

 bark of the tree and the cocoons of the 

 insects much better than the lime-sul- 

 phur. This gives it a greater covering 

 power, so that one gallon goes about as 

 far as two of other sprays. 



One farmer figured out his spraying 

 bill like this: 



Five barrels lime-sulphur spray, or 

 250 gallons diluted eight to one, makes 

 2,000 gallons. Five barrels at $10 and 

 $1.50 freight each, cost $57.50. 



One barrel Crest spray, 50 gallons di- 

 luted fifty to one, makes 2,500 gallons of 

 spray, winter spraying, or 5,000 gallons, 

 summer spraying. It costs $62.50 and 

 $1.50 for freight, or $64. 



Oklahoma 



For the most part Oklahoma is an 

 undulating plain with strips of timber 

 along the streams. 



The drainage system belongs to the 

 Arkansas and Red rivers, with the Cim- 

 arron and Canadian as tributaries to the 

 Arkansas and the Ouachita as the prin- 

 cipal tributary of the Red river. 



The Ozark mountain range extends 

 southward from Missouri and Arkansas, 

 entering the state at an elevation of 

 2,500 feet and sinking relatively near the 

 center to the general level of the country 

 at an elevation of 1,000 feet, but rising 

 again in the western part of the state 

 in the Wichita mountains, the highest 

 point of which is 3,000 feet above the 

 level of the sea. 



The eastern part is heavily wooded 

 and along the streams has a rich alluvial 

 soil. There are in Oklahoma various 

 types of soil, but the prevailing type is 

 a deep, dark, red loam which in the east 

 central portion 'of the state is made up 

 of decomposed sandstone, but in the 

 north central is made up of shales and 

 decomposed limestone. Sometimes there 

 are belts of red clay loam on the up- 

 lands north of the rivers, a deposit of 

 black alluvium on the bottoms on either 

 side of the rivers and a belt of red clay 

 loam on the uplands south of the rivers. 



In the western part there are deposits 

 of alkali in such areas as to damage the 

 soil in considerable degree, while they 

 are said to have the largest deposits of 

 gypsum and salt in the world. Coal, oil, 

 gas and zinc are abundant in the east- 

 ern part. 



The climate is mild, but changeable. 

 The rainfall at Beaver, in the extreme 

 northwest portion of the state, is 18.9 

 inches per annum and the mean annual 

 temperature 57 degrees. 



At Lehigh, in the southeast, the rain- 

 fall is 35.1 inches and the temperature 



