OLIVE DISEASES— OLIVE PESTS— ONION 



1457 



chard run of fruit. Other packers care- 

 fully select and keep separate different 

 colored fruit and they are marked light, 

 brown or dark as the case may be. Uni- 

 formity of color is usually desired and 

 this is accomplished by picking fruit of 

 equal ripeness and treating it with uni- 

 form solutions of lye and salt. The 

 olives are packed in bottles, cans or bar- 

 rels, which are properly sterilized, 

 labeled and cased for shipment. 



Districts Where Grown 

 District IVo. 16 

 Highly becommended: Mission. 

 Recommended: Ascolano; Macrocar- 

 pa; Rubra; Santa Catarina; Uvaria. 

 Recommended foe trial: Manzanillo. 



District Ho. 17 



Highly recommended: Manzanillo; 

 Mission. 



Recommended: Nevadillo Blanco; Ru- 

 bra. 



District Ko. 18 



Highly recommended: Manzanillo; 

 Mission; Nevadillo Blanco; Rubra. 



Recommended: Ascolano; Columella; 

 Oblonga; Pendulina; Regalis; Santa Cat- 

 arina; Sevillano. 



OLIVE DISEASES 

 Dry Rot 



Characterized by the appearance of nu- 

 merous large spots on the fruit which 

 dry and sink in. During some seasons 

 the olive is considerably affected with 

 this trouble. Cause not known. 



Leaf Spot 



Oycloconium oleaginum 

 Causes spots of considerable size on 



the leaves. No treatment is usually nee- 



essary. 

 Root Rot (Toadstool Disease). See 



AppZe Diseases. 



Tuberculosis 



Bacterium savastanoi 

 This is a bacterial disease, the para- 

 sitic organism causing a production of 

 galls of considerable size on the trunk, 

 branches and small twigs. Some vari- 

 eties are more susceptible than others. 

 If taken in time the disease can be suc- 

 cessfully controlled by cutting out all af- 



fected parts and saturating the wounds 

 with a strong disinfectant. 



References 



Bulletins 120 and 218, California Ex- 

 periment Station. 



OLITE PESTS 



Black Cithus Louse. See Orange 

 Pests. 

 Black Scale. See Apricot Pests, 



ChrysoTnphalus rossi Mask. 

 Grcneral Appearance 



The scale of the adult female is cir- 

 cular or irregularly oblong with ragged 

 margins; flattened; reddish to dark 

 brown, with inner surface around and in- 

 cluding exuviae almost black. The male 

 scale is smaller and lighter in color. The 

 female body is reddish yellow and about 

 one and five-tenths millimeters long. The 

 eggs are light purple and hatch soon 

 after being laid. The first hatched lar- 

 vae are pink. 



Distribution 



Imported into California from Asia and 

 Australia and now occurs in the central 

 and southern parts of California. 



Eood Plants 



Attacks Araucaria Hdwilhi, Also 

 works on olives. 



Natural Enemy 



The steel-blue ladybird beetle, Orcus 

 chalyheus, preys upon this scale. 



E. O. EssiG 



Citrus Thrips. See Orange Pests. 

 Greedy Scale. See Apple Pests. 

 Ivy Scale. See Apple Pests, 

 Pineapple Scale. See Pineapple Pests. 

 Purple Scvle. See Orange Pests. 

 Red Scale. See Orange Pests. 

 Oldenberg Apple for Massachusetts. 

 See Massachusetts, 



Onion 



The onion in one or more of its several 

 forms has been in use throughout all time 

 of which we have authentic history. From 

 available records it would appear that 

 the original home of the onion was in 

 Southern Asia or in the countries sur- 

 rounding or bordering on the Mediterran- 



a— 9 



