1648 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



made in the regulai* way, making them 

 officers of the law having the right to 

 enter upon a neighbor's premises. 



Crater Bliglit 



This term is a rather common one 

 among pear growers, but is not applied to 

 any very definite form of disease. It is 

 supposed to signify a dying of certain 

 spots or patches of bark situated on the 

 limbs or trunk. In these patches the 

 bark becomes rough on the outside and 

 dark colored beneath the surface. Some 

 injury of this sort appears to be connect- 

 ed with the disease described above, the 

 bark dying in certain spots rather than 

 in a strip up and down the whole length 

 of the branch or trunk. True pear blight 

 may also cause a similar effect by run- 

 ning in from a small shoot or fruit spur, 

 but many cases of both black leaf and 

 crater blight occur without the presence 

 of the pear-blight organism Fiequently 

 what is called crater blight is really noth- 

 ing more than the normal roughening of 

 the bark of the pear tree as it grows 

 older. In this tree the bark begins to 

 crack and roughen in patches on the 

 trunk and main limbs, and its normal 

 condition has sometimes the appearance 

 of the outbreak of some disease. 

 Cbown Gall. See Apple Dtseases 



Curly Bark 



This is somewhat similar to the above, 

 the bark cracking in concentric rings in 

 spots upon the surface of the main limbs. 

 It is not of any serious consequence. 



R E. Smith, 

 California Bxpeument Station Bulletin 21S 



Frost Belting, or Frost Bands 



Pears sometimes present a peculiar rus- 

 set ring or band caused by low tempera- 

 ture during blossoming time. The trouble 

 is not serious. 



Fruit Drop 



The young fruit drops from the tree 

 while still very small and immature. Due 

 to imperfect pollination. Ordinarily, re- 

 sults simply in a desirable thinning of 

 the fruit, but sometimes a large part of 

 the crop drops from this cause. May also 

 be produced by frost affecting the fruit 



soon after setting. Such fruit may re- 

 main on the tree and continue to grow 

 for some time after the frost occurs be- 

 fore falling. 

 Hypchnose. See Apple Diseases. 



Leaf Blight 



Entomosporium maculatum Lev. 



Leaf blight of the pear is produced by 

 the leaf-blight fungus, which causes spot- 

 ting and dying of the leaves, also crack- 

 ing of fruit. The diseased leaves show a 

 dense, dark-colored coating on the under 

 side. This disease is readily and success- 

 fully prevented by the use of Bordeaux 

 mixture as a spray. 



Leaf Spot 



Beptona piricola Sacc 



Leaf spot of pear is another fungous dis- 

 ease which may flourish despite the use 

 of Bordeaux mixture, as generally ap- 

 plied. This fungus appears not to yield 

 to the standard fungicides. It produces 

 small, circular dead spots in the leaves; 

 the spots in later summer may drop out, 

 leaving holes. It is quite prevalent, but 

 as yet no specific recommendations can 

 be made for it. 



A. D. Selby, 

 Wooster, Ohio. 

 Fear Bust 

 G-ymnosporangiose 



The rust of the pear is very similar in 

 nature to the rust on the apple. It con- 

 sists of two stages, a summer stage and 

 a winter stage. The summer stage pro- 

 duces the rust on the leaves of the pear, 

 while the winter stage forms the familiar 

 cedar apple. 



The remedy, as in the case of the apple, 

 consists in removing all cedar trees from 

 the neighborhood of the pear orchard, 

 thus eliminating the source of infection. 

 When this is impossible, the pear trees 

 should be sprayed with the Bordeaux 

 mixture immediately after the early rains 

 which cause the gelatinous horns on the 

 cedar apple. 



This disease of pears is particularly 

 abundant upon varieties of the Japanese 

 strain, 



P. L. Stevens, 

 West Raleiffh, N C 



