SPRAYS AND OTHER MEANS OF CONTROL 



1867 



Dissolve the soap in liot water (the 

 soap must be entirely dissolved) ; add the 

 carbolic acid and heat to the boiling point 

 for twenty minutes (reserve some water 

 to add in ease the mixture begins to boil 

 over). For use add twenty gallons of 

 water to every gallon of the above stock 

 solution. The emulsion needs little or 

 no agitation. 



This spray is especially recommended 

 for mealy bugs, but is also suitable for 

 plant lice and soft brown scales. It is 

 also a good contact insecticide for ants. 



Crude Oil Emulsion 



Water 175 gals. 



Liquid soap 3 gals 



Crude oil 25 gals 



Fill the spray tank with the 175 gal- 

 lons of water; add the liquid soap; agitate 

 thoroughly for one minute, after which 

 add the crude oil, continuing the agita- 

 tion. 



If the liquid soap cannot be had, use 

 20 pounds whale-oil soap, dissolved in 10 

 gallons of boiling water, to which three 

 pounds of lye have been added. 



During the spraying operation this mix- 

 ture should be thoroughly agitated and 

 great care taken to wet all of the twigs 

 From 8 to 15 gallons should be used on a 

 tree. The application should be made 

 from November to February. 



The crude oil emulsion is especially rec- 

 ommended for black scale (Baissetta 

 oleae)f European fruit scale (Lecanium 

 comi), European pear scale (Epidiaspis 

 piricola), cherry scale (Eulecanium cera- 

 sorum) and other scales infesting decidu- 

 ous fruit trees. It should be applied in 

 the winter, when the trees are dormant. 



To also kill moss or lichens on fruit 

 trees add two pounds of Ije to the form- 

 ula of the stock solution. 



EssiG 



Distillate Oil Emulsioii 



This is the standard spray for thrips. 



Water 6 gals. 



Lye (98 per cent) 2 lbs. 



Fish oil 1 % gals. 



Put water in boiler and add lye. When 

 dissolved and the water boiling, pour 

 in fish oil, and boil for two hours. When 

 soap has boiled sufficiently it should 

 have a ropy effect when stirred. This 

 formula gives about 40 pounds of mod- 

 erately firm soap- 



The distillate-oil stock emulsion should 

 be made as follows: 



Hot water . 12 gals. 



Fish-oil or whale-oil soap (above for- 

 mula) SO lbs 



Distillate-oil (raw) 30 to 34 degrees 



Beaume 20 gals 



Have the water boiling when put into 

 the spray tank and add soap while agi- 

 tator is running at good speed. When 

 soap is thoroughly dissolved, pour in the 

 distillate oil slowly, keeping the mixture 

 well agitated. When oil and soap are 

 well mixed, pump out through the spray 

 nozzle at a pressure of not less than 175 

 pounds into a storage tank. This is the 

 stock emulsion, and contains 55 per cent 

 oil. To make a three per cent emulsion 

 use five and one-half gallons of this 

 stock in each 100 gallon tank. To dillute 

 first put the stock emulsion in spray tank 

 and then add water, keeping agitator run- 

 ning. To make the spray more effective, 

 tobacco black leaf or sulphate of nicotine 

 may be added after the emulsion has 

 been diluted. The amount of each to 

 add will be in accordance with formulae 

 given elsewhere. 



O'Gaba 



BistiUate Oil Mechanical Mixture 



Water 200 gals. 



Caustic soda (95 per cent) 7 lbs 



Distillate (28 degrees Beaume) 10 gals 



Fill spray tank with the required 

 amount of water; add the caustic soda, 

 which has been dissolved in a small 

 amount of water and then the distillate. 

 Keep agitator going rapidly while ap- 

 plying the spray. 



This spray has been thoroughly tested 



by the writer and is one of the cheapest 



and best for spraying black scale (Eais- 



setia oleae) or the European fruit scale 



(Lecanium corni) on apricot and olive 



trees. 



Distillate Emulsion and Tobacco 



Government formula for pear thrips: 



Water 12 gals. 



Whale-oil soap 30 lbs. 



Distillate (32 to 34 degrees Beaume) . . 20 lbs. 



The above emulsion is prepared in the 

 ordinary way as a stock solution. For 

 use in the orchard dilute one to twenty 

 parts of water. To every two hundred 

 gallons of this diluted spray add one 

 pint of tobacco extract containing forty 

 per cent nicotine or about three and one- 

 half gallons of tobacco extract contain- 

 ing two and three-fourths per cent nic- 

 otine. 



This spray is especially recommended 

 for pear thrips. Bssig 



Kerosene Emulsion 



(1) 



Kerosene 2 gals 



Hard soap (whale-oil soap) ,%lb 



Water ^ gal 



Dissolve soap in water by boiling; add 

 hot suds to the kerosene. Do not do this 



