SPRAYS AND OTHER MEANS OE CONTROL 1879 



NOTES. 



Combination of Lime-Sulphur with Black Leaf 40 for Aphides only. Add Black Leaf 40 to the 



diluted Lime-Sulphur at the rate of 1 pint per 100 gallons. 

 For woolly aphis, do not fail to spray hodies and crowns thoroughly. It is a good plan to 



uncover roots, at least one foot from crown, and drench thoroughly. 

 Peach moth may also be controlled by applying arsenate of lead, 4 pounds to 100 gallons of 



water, when blossoms are opening. 



Spray first before the leaves appear ; second, when the leaves are well out and the young shoots 

 are about six inches in height; third, just before the blossoms appear. See formulae. 



See formulae. 



Force spray well into fruit bud clusters. 



Pears, peaches, cherries, prunes, are ail attacked by this insect. Write for Circular No. 131, 

 B ureau of Entomology, U. S . Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. See formulae. 



Thoroughly cover with spray the unopened blossoms. Do not spray during bloom. Another 

 application after "shucks'* have fallen. 



Use a nozzle with an angle of 45 degrees, and spray with pressure of 175 to 200 pounds Sec 

 that every young fruit has had spray forced into the calyx cup. Spray should be coarse 

 and, if trees are tall, a platform on the spray tank should be used. Pears need not be 

 sprayed until apples are ready, as pear calyces remain open. Repeat the above in a week 

 or ten days on apples only. All moths do not emerge from their cocoons at the same time. 

 Band some trees with cloth; the number of worms caught will indicate the effectiveness of 

 the above treatment. Later sprays should not be coarse, but a fine mist, to cover fruit and 

 foliage. 



To be combined with arsenate of lead spray above where scab occurs. Another application two 

 or three weeks later may be necessary in certain seasons. 



To be combined with the first codling moth spray. Another application may be necessary. 



bo not apply within a month of picking, as fruit will be stained. To be applied where fall 

 spraying with Bordeaux mixture has been omitted. A second treatment the latter part of 

 May if necessary. See formulae. 



The first codling moth spray will be more or less timely. 



Be sure to spray as soon as the colonies of the insects appear. In the case of aphides it is 

 very difficult to eradicate them after they have curled the leaves badly. Remember this Is 

 a contact spray and the insects can only be killed by direct contact with the insecticide. The 

 black-leaf may be mixed with arsenate of lead, if necessary, to save labor of double spraying, 

 where aphis and codling moth are to be controlled at the same time. For red spider, erinose 

 mite of grape, and "Rusty Leaf mite of pear, dry sulphur, atomic sulphur or self-boiled 

 lime-sulphur may be used. The soap solution may be combined with the black-leaf to make 

 it adhere better. "Never eomUne soap and arsenate of lead. 



Do not spray on ripe fruit, as spray is poisonous. 



All vegetables sprayed with arsenicals should be carefully washed in preparing them for the 

 table. 



Formula for carbolated lime: 10 pounds of lime; water, 50 gallons; carbolic acid, 1 pint or 

 more. Slake lime with a little water, add rest of water and the carbolic acid. Work the 

 mixture into the soil. 



Clean culture is important. All rubbish in the field and along fences should be destroyed. Fall 

 plowing should be practiced. Insects may be trapped by placing shingles or boards among 

 the vines. In cucumber and melon fields damage from squash bug may be lessened by the 

 use of squash vines planted a week or so earlier between the other hills as trap plants. For 

 the young insects spray as indicated. ^ 



For cutworms, kainit, which is a potash fertilizer, is effective. 



For grasshoppers, it is usually necessary to cover young trees with cheesecloth where they are 

 numerous. This should be done promptly upon first appearance. Pyrethrum powder may 

 also be used for flea beetle. 



Spray thoroughly first week in June and two or three weeks later if necessary. 



Third application dependent upon season, but usually latter part of June. An application the 

 latter part of July is usually necessary. If the calyx spraying is well done, few worms will 

 be left for the last two sprays. ^^ 



After the field has been thoroughly cleaned up, spray before the rains begin. See formulae. 



Be sure to spray all stone fruits as well as apples before fall rahis begin. Do not wait for 

 leaves to fall. Fall spraying for pears unnecessary. 



