1890 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OP PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



the nozzle under the whirling chamber. 

 Nozzles with four holes through the plate, 

 instead of two, throw an almost perfectly 

 even circle of spray. These holes make the 

 supply of liquid come from four quadrants 

 instead of from one or two quadrants, and 

 even up the spray passing out through 

 the nozzle cap. The illustration of large 

 nozzles shows one with a four-hole supply 

 and another with four jetties around the 

 holes and on the sides of the whirling- 

 chamber which give the whirl to the 

 liquid and make a fine, even spray, es- 

 pecially with the high pressure obtained 

 from power outfits. 



On an ordinary power outfit, two leads 

 of hose should be used, a larger number 

 seldom being of any great advantage in 

 orchard work. The lead of hose to the 

 man in the tower need be only fifteen 

 feet long, while the man on the ground 

 should have at least thirty feet, and forty 

 feet of hose is not too much when spray- 

 ing large trees. On hand or barrel pumps 

 one lead of twenty-five or thirty feet in 

 length does very well for all spraying 

 work, or two leads of that length may 

 be used when two men are on the ground. 



High-pressure hose with long hose 

 couplings and good hose bands are a 

 necessity in spraying, for ordinary hose 

 bursts under the high pressure to which 

 it is subjected, and short couplings are 

 always making trouble. Half-inch high- 

 pressure hose is most used, but three- 

 eighths inch is also good and is not so 

 heavy. The latter is harder to get con- 

 nections for, when they are lost or broken, 

 and may prove a little small in capacity 

 when one uses three large-type nozzles 

 on the end of a spray rod. 



Rods 



Rods are made of iron pipe, brass pipe, 

 and bamboo with a brass or aluminum 

 tube running through the hollow bamboo. 

 Aluminum-lined bamboo rods are lighter 

 than any of the others and when prop- 

 erly reinforced at the ends are as strong 

 as any bamboo rod put out. In length 

 the rods should not be less than eight 

 feet. Ten-foot rods are preferable and 

 twelve-foot rods are often a necessity in 

 order to reach the tops of high trees. 



Fig. 3. Hardie Escape Valve Showing Com- 

 pressor, Spring, Ball, and Seat. A neat, re- 

 liable and durable type of safety relief valve. 



Longer rods are not often needed, and are 

 cumbersome and hard to handle on ac- 

 count of their length. 



Power Outfits 



Power outfits should be chosen accord- 

 ing to capacity and simplicity. Weight 

 is a factor to be determined by the or- 

 chardist. His orchard may be hilly or 

 level, and the size of trees and the kind 



