1900 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



Fig. 19. (20) A one-fourth globe valve. (21) 

 A small-capacity one-fourth-inch spring cut- 

 off with ways similar to the globe valve, 

 (22) A one-fourth-inch steam cut-off of small 

 capacity. (23) A one-fourth-inch leakless rod 

 cut-off which is simple in construction, pos- 

 itive in action, and of a practical size. 



of the liquid is not obstructed. The globe 

 valve shown in Fig. 19 (20) has fair ca- 

 pacity, but changes the direction of the 

 flow of the liquid too often at very sharp 

 angles, also it closes slowly and soon be- 

 comes leaky; (21) has some similar faults, 

 but serves the purpose better for small 

 sprayers, as it acts quickly in cutting off 

 the spray. The cut-off shown in (22) is 

 of very small capacity and soon becomes 

 leaky, A ball cut-off, which was tested 

 for several seasons, did not prove en- 

 tirely satisfactory, as it was a little 

 clumsy and cumbersome. The gate valve 

 cannot be closed quickly, although the 

 ways are large. The leakless cut-off 

 shown in (23) is simple, easily operated, 

 and is positive in action. The ways are 

 large, permitting the flow of the spray 

 liquid without changing its direction, and 

 if it becomes leaky, it is easily repacked. 

 The use of this little accessory prevents, 

 each season, the wasting of enough 

 spraying mixture to pay for it many times. 



Spray Rods 



Exteijsion rods are necessary for spray- 

 ing large trees, since most of the modern 

 spray nozzles produce a fine mist spray 

 which has very little carrying power. 



For small orchards a section of one- 

 tourth-inch iron pipe serves the purpose 

 very well, if the rods needed are not 

 over six or eight feet in length. Longer 

 lengths of one-fourth-inch iron pipe are 

 hard to handle on account of their weight, 

 and they often break off in the threads. 

 Rods made of brass pipe are too flexible 

 when made of light tubing, and too heavy 

 if made of strong tubing large enough in 

 diameter to obviate flexibility. 



Extension rods made of bamboo and 

 lined with brass or aluminum pipe are 

 light, strong and large enough in di- 

 ameter to be handled conveniently with- 

 out unduly tiring the operator. The base 

 and top should be constructed like rod 

 ends shown in Fig. 20, (24) or (25), for 

 these thimbles prevent the accidental 

 breaking of the rod at the juncture of the 

 fitting and the lining pipe. Aluminum- 

 lined rods of this type are practically 

 as strong as the brass-lined ones, and 

 they are much lighter in weight. Bamboo 

 rods ten feet long are usually the most 

 practical ones, although twelve-foot rods 



Fig. 20. (24) A section of an aluminum-lined 

 bamboo spray rod with a thimble extending 

 over the outside of the bamboo casing. (25) 

 A section of an aluminum-lined bamboo spray 

 rod with the long brass thimbles fitting 

 closely inside the bamboo, and clamping it 

 tightly endwise between the cup-shaped caps 

 of the thimbles. The hexagonal and square 

 sections permit the use of an ordinary wrench 

 in tightening the connections. 



