SPRAYS AND OTHER MEANS OF CONTROL—SQUASH 



1905 



A few types of nozzles which, can hard- 

 ly he given any definite place are included 

 in the appended tables. These tables do 

 not include all of the different kinds of 

 spray nozzles sold in Ohio, but they in- 

 clude most of the important makes. The 

 illustration shows the difference in the 

 construction of some of the common noz- 

 zles, giving the defects and good points 

 of the several kinds. It is a fault common 

 to many of the hollow-cone spray nozzles 

 to throw the bulk of the spray in one-half 

 of the circle. In the case of Disc nozzles 

 this may be prevented by increasing the 

 number and the size of the openings in 

 the directing disc, which is just below 

 the whirl chamber. The angle of the 

 spray may be changed by increasing the 

 depth of the whirl chamber and the carry- 

 ing power of the spray will be increased 

 accordingly if the supply of spray lictuid 

 is adequate. 



The depth of the whirl chamber and 

 its proportion to the diameter have much 

 to do with the width of the angle of the 

 spray. The size, shape, angle, and num- 

 ber of supply holes in the directing dies 

 also affect the spray obtained. The diam- 

 eter of the hole in the cap or disc has 

 much to do with the capacity of the noz- 

 zle. 



The lack of care in machining the parts 

 of the nozzle is often responsible for 

 some of the discrepancies which are 

 shown by the testing machine. When 

 the hole in the cap has a burred edge or 

 is not perfectly centered, one-half of the 

 ring of spray is usually heavier than 

 the other half. Burred edges on the 

 holes of the directing disc are also the 

 cause of unevenness in the ring of spray. 



Nozzles having a wide-angle spray re- 

 quire that the operator keep the nozzle 

 close to the object that is being sprayed, 

 while those giving a narrow-angle spray 

 usually require the operator to keep the 

 nozzle some distance from the tree being 

 sprayed in order to allow the spray to 

 break up and cover the same area as a 

 nozzle of the former class. Disc nozzles 

 which throw an even, well distributed, 

 broad ring of spray, with broken spray in 

 the center of the circle, and which also 



have enough carrying power to the spray 

 to permit the operator to hold the nozzle 

 some distance from the tree, are es- 

 pecially desirable. The maximum of 

 efficiency in the Disc nozzles is to be 

 found in those which most nearly give 

 a solid circle of spray. 



Likewise, of the variable Disc types, 

 the best patterns will be found in those 

 which are capable of most nearly making 

 a perfect ring of spray, though, of course, 

 such types are also designed to grade 

 their discharge from the perfect ring 

 through the hollow cone to the long driv- 

 ing stream. A few of the true Vermorel 

 nozzles give well distributed rings of 

 spray. Most of the modified Vermorel 

 nozzles throw the hulk of the spray in 

 one-half of the circle, there being only 

 one exception, and this one gives a nar- 

 row, even ring of spray. Only one nozzle 

 of the Self Cleaner type gave an even 

 ring of spray. The Cap nozzles were, 

 with one exception, superior to most of 

 the Vermorels, both in distribution of the 

 spray and in capacity. The Cyclone 

 nozzles are of little value, unless used in 

 clusters. Many of the nozzles which do 

 not distribute the spray evenly in the 

 circle, can be used successfully in clusters. 

 When thus massed together, good results 

 are obtained, but they should not be 

 used singly. 



Squash 



The squash Is described as "the fleshy 

 edible fruit of any one of the trailing 

 annuals of the genus CurcurMta allied 

 to the pumpkin." At least 60 varieties of 

 winter and summer squashes are named 

 by horticulturists, which include many 

 forms, sizes, colors and adaptations for 

 use. Some are summer varieties, others 

 autumn, and still others may be kept for 

 winter use and until the following early 

 spring. 



They may be grown either in field or 

 garden, are rather hardy and vigorous 

 growers. They should be planted in hills 

 about six feet apart and in rows about 

 the same distance. This method of plant- 

 ing gives room for the vines to form so 

 as to produce an abundant crop. They 



3—37 



