2032 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



The production of all orchard fruits 

 together in 1909 was 38.4 per cent less 

 in quantity than that in 1899, while the 

 production of grapes increased materi- 

 ally. The value of orchard fruits, how- 

 ever, increased from $2,156,000 in 1899 

 to $3,040,000 in 1909, and that of grapes 

 from $50,874 in 1899 to $92,834 in 1909. 

 It should be noted that the values for 

 1899 include the value of more advanced 

 products derived from orchard fruits or 



grapes, such as cider, vinegar, dried 

 fruits and the like, and may therefore 

 involve some duplication, while the 

 values shown for 1909 relate only to the 

 products in their original condition. 



The following table shows the quanti- 

 ties of the more advanced products man- 

 ufactured by farmers from orchard 

 fruits and grapes. Values were not 

 called for on the schedule. 



PRODUCT 



Farms reportins, 1909 



Quantity produce d 



Number 



Per cent of 

 all farms 



Unit 



1909 



1899 



Cider 



3,516 



4,195 



949 



6,792 



3 6 

 4.3 

 1 

 6.0 



Gals 



Gals 



248,543 



122,692 



15,449 



396,927 



903,830 



Vinegar 



284,729 

 17,658 



Gals 





Lbs 



1,843,060 











White Hickory. See Hickory Nut, 

 Whitman Apple Trees. See History of 

 Orcharding in Old Oregon, p. 65. 



Wind Breaks. See Apple Orchard. 



Wisconsin 



"Wisconsin is part of the inner margin 

 of an ancient coastal plain and the old 

 land of crystaline rocks about which the 

 plain sediments were deposited. The 

 plain and the old land were well worn 

 down by erosion, and were then uplifted, 

 dissected by stream valleys and were gla- 

 ciated." The elevation of the state is 

 from 500 to 1,940 feet, undulating, rather 

 hilly in places, in others flat. The drain- 

 age system is mostly towards the Missis- 

 sippi river, but a few small streams drain 

 into lakes Superior and Michigan. Wis- 

 consin has about 2,500 lakes, the largest 

 of which is Winnebago, which is said to 

 be the largest lake in the Union wholly 

 within the boundary of one state. 



The climate in winter is rather severe. 

 Extremes at La Crosse within a period of 

 30 years have been 104 degrees above 

 zero and 43 degrees below. The average 

 annual precipitation is 31.5 inches. 



The total number of bearing apple trees 

 is reported as 2,430,232, being 95 per cent 



of all the orchard fruits produced in the 

 state. Peaches are not grown for com- 

 mercial purposes, and only in a few 

 places for home use. Pears are grown in 

 small quantities. Of cherries there are 

 reported 290,000 trees; strawberries, 2,863 

 acres, and cranberries, 1,689 acres. Of 

 nuts there are reported 40,789 trees. 



The apple-growing section of the state 

 has been grouped by Professor J. G. 

 Moore into three divisions, as follows: 



1. The Wisconsin valley section, in- 

 cluding Sauk, Richland, Grant, Crawford 

 and a part of Vernon counties. 



2. The Lake Shore region, comprising 

 the counties along the shore of Lake 

 Michigan north of Milwaukee, including 

 the Door peninsula. 



3. The counties of Bayfield and Ash- 

 land, in the northern part of the state, 

 protected by the lake, are developing into 

 a good apple-producing section. Little 

 was known of this region previous to 1905, 

 but since that time there has been rapid 

 development in the planting of trees. 



Three other sections deserve mention 

 as probable apple-producing centers. They 

 are a part of Marathon county, the bluffs 

 along the Mississippi river, and parts of 

 Dunn, Eau Claire and Chippewa counties. 



Granville Lowther 



