CANADA 
ers at home and abroad, who are gener- 
ally understood to be combined and well 
organized. The result is that the amount 
received by the producer of the fruit is 
often less than half the amount paid by 
the consumer. To secure their share of 
the return from the industry, the pro- 
ducers must be as well organized as are 
the men with whom they deal. Ten co- 
operative associations have already been 
formed in the fruit-producing district of 
Nova Scotia, and the organization of 
these into one central association has 
now been effected. 
The following articles from successful 
horticulturists give some idea of the 
profit derived from orcharding and gar- 
dening in Nova Scotia. They also, to an 
extent, describe the methods by which 
these results have been obtained. While 
not by any means exhaustive in their 
treatment of the subject, they touch upon 
all the operations of importance in con- 
nection with fruit growing, and will be 
found instructive, suggestive and most 
encouraging. 
P. J. SHAW, 
(Annual Report Secretary of Agriculture, N. 
S., 1910.) 
% 
Export Figures from 1880 to 1910 
L880-1885 2. ee eee eee ee wee 23,920 
L885-1890 Loc cece cee wee cece renee 83,249 
1890-1895. ccc eee ee ee eee 118,552 
1895-1900 oo ee cece eee eee eee eens 259,2 
L9N0-1905 2... kee ec eee ee eee 330,406 
L9OB-1910 oc cece wee ee eee eee eee 482,298 
The prices have ranged at from $2 to 
$2.25 per barrel. 
Fifty Per Cent Increase 
From the above figures we observe that 
the average export of the last five years 
has been over 20 times that of the same 
period 25 years ago. Also that, though 
the increase for the first 10 years of our 
export business was greater than the last 
10 years, yet the increase for the last 
three five-year periods has been approxi- 
mately even, and shows the export of 
each period to be about 50 per cent more 
than the previous one. Four periods out 
of the six show approximately this in- 
crease. 
It is estimated by the railway authori- 
ties that during the last few years quite 
150,000 barrels per year have been con- 
2——4 
705 
sumed in the Province, which should be 
added to the above 482,298 to show our 
actual production during the last five 
years. There is little doubt that the 
quantity used in our Province during the 
last 15 years has increased in equal pro- 
portion to our export. 
RaLtpH §. HatTon, 
Kentville, N. 8. 
(In Annual Report of Secretary of Agriculture, 
N. 8., for 1910.) 
FRUITS OF ONTARIO 
When the first fruit trees were planted 
in Ontario, probably about 150 years ago, 
the settlers had no reliable information 
to guide them in selecting varieties or 
in caring for the trees after they were 
planted. But the experience of these 
early settlers was taken advantage of by 
their descendants who, with the addi- 
tional knowledge possessed, were able to 
make some progress, although scattered 
as they were in those early times with- 
out good means of intercourse. The dis- 
semination of information from one to 
another and to the new settlers who were 
coming in was slow until the railways 
were built. Then fruit growing became 
much more general, as trees could be 
easily transported from one part of the 
Province to another. In 1859 a few en- 
thusiastic horticulturists organized the 
Ontario Fruit Growers’ Association. Meet- 
ings were held in different parts of the 
Provinee, and the people were urged to 
plant more fruit. This organization has, 
for the past 47 years, by its meetings, 
annual reports, the Canadian Horticul- 
turist, and in many other ways, done very 
much to bring about the present develop- 
ment in the fruit industry of Ontario. 
Realizing that more definite information 
was needed to guide fruit growers in the 
planting of varieties and the culture of 
fruits, the association in 1893 urged upon 
the government the importance of estab- 
lishing fruit experiment stations through- 
out the Province. The idea received the 
approval of the government, and in 1894 
four stations were established, this num- 
ber being increased to 13 in the course of 
a few years. To these were sent many 
varieties of fruits, which were tested and 
