710 
prepared beforehand. The trees should 
be severely headed back when planted, 
and future pruning will consist in form- 
ing a well shaped open head. As some 
varieties make exceptionally strong 
growth it is a good practice when the 
trees are young to prune the young 
growth back about one-half each spring 
to avoid splitting. When the trees begin 
to bear little pruning is necessary, as 
they usually bear so heavily that the 
trees do not make much growth annual- 
ly. 
Orchards should be kept thoroughly 
cultivated, and cover crops are recom- 
mended as for the apple, cherry, peach 
and pear. The fruit should be picked 
when it is well colored but still firm. 
Varieties Recommended 
General List Approved by the Board of 
Control 
CoMMERCIAL AND DomustTIc— 
AMERICAN—These are extremely hardy 
and are desirable where the European 
and Japanese varieties cannot be grown: 
Aitken, Cheney, Bixby, Mankato, Wolf, 
Hawkeye, Stoddard. 
EuRoPrAN-—~Bradshaw, Imperial Gage, 
Gueli, Shipper Pride, Lombard (liable to 
overbear, requires thinning), Quacken- 
boss, Yellow Egg, Grand Duke, Coe, Reine 
Claude (one of the best for canning). 
JAPANESE—These are apparently quite 
as hardy as the Huropean varieties: Red 
June, Abundance, Burbank, Chabot, Sat- 
suma (red fleshed, desirable for canning). 
District Lists Recommended by the 
Experimenters 
Lake Huron District 
A. E. SHERRINGTON 
Walkerton, Ont. 
COMMERCIAL AND Domestic—Red June, 
Ogon, Burbank, Bradshaw, Imperial Gage, 
Gueii, Shipper Pride, Victoria, Quacken- 
boss, Yellow Egg, Monarch, Grand Duke, 
Satsuma. 
Georgian Bay District 
JOHN MiITcHELL 
Clarksburg 
COMMERCIAL AND DomeEstic—Red June, 
Burbank, Washington, Bradshaw, Imper- 
ial Gage, Quackenboss, Arch Duke, Dia- 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
mond, Monarch, Yellow Egg, Coe, Sat- 
suma, Reine Claude. 
Burlington District 
A. W. PEART 
Burlington, Ont. 
COoMMERCIAL— 
EUROPEAN—Bradshaw, Imperial Gage, 
Lombard, Yellow Egg, Glass, Reine 
Claude. 
JaPaNnese—Red June, Abundance, Bur- 
bank, Chabot, Satsuma. 
Domestic—Abundance, Saunders, Brad- 
shaw, Imperial Gage, Smith Orleans, Lom- 
bard, Yellow Egg, Satsuma, Reine Claude. 
Niagara District 
LINUS WOOLVERTON 
Grimsby, Ont. 
CoMMERCIAL—Red June, Burbank, Brad- 
shaw, Chabot, Gueii, Coe, Quackenboss, 
Satsuma, Reine Claude. 
DomsstTic — Abundance, 
Yellow Egg, Shropshire, 
Satsuma, Reine Claude. 
Washington, 
Quackenboss, 
St. Lawrence District 
HAROLD JONES 
Maitland, Ont. 
DoMESTIO— 
Note—The Huropean and Japanese 
varieties are only recommended for the 
home garden in the St. Lawrence Dis- 
trict, as they have not proved entirely 
hardy nor very productive. 
AMERICAN—Milton, Whitaker, Hammer. 
Europran—Gueii, Lombard, Shipper 
Pride, Glass. 
JAPANESE—Red June, Burbank. 
THE GRAPE 
There is no more popular fruit than 
the grape, and, owing to the rapid in- 
crease in population during recent years, 
the demand for grapes is constantly grow- 
ing. For this reason the planting of 
grapes, which was in a large measure 
suspended for a few years, is steadily in- 
creasing, many vineyards now being es- 
tablished annually. 
The grape requires a comparatively 
dry hot season for the development of 
good flavor and the perfect ripening of 
the fruit, and as most of the cultivated 
varieties will not stand very low temper- 
atures unless protected, the grape suc 
