758 
many vegetables. Avoid planting infected 
seed and planting in infected soil. 
CARROT PESTS 
Carrot Beetle 
Ligyrus gibbosus, Dej. 
Common along the Atlantic coast and 
occurs as far west as Illinois. Called 
also the sunflower beetle on account of 
its attack on this plant. It is injurious 
to parsnip, celery and sweet potato. 
The beetle is one-half to five-eighths of 
an inch long and robust. 
Rotate the crops, permit the chickens 
to follow after the plow in the fall and 
in case of severe infestations, turn the 
hogs into the field. 
Literature 
Division Entomological Bulletin No. 33, 
New Series. 
Carrot Rust Fly 
Psila rosae Fab. 
Imported into Canada, whence it has 
spread into New York. A very minute 
fly measuring about one-sixteenth of an 
inch. Produces a reddish appearance on 
the leaves of the young plants and rusty 
blotches on the roots. The stored roots 
are sometimes infested with the larvae. 
Rotation of crops is advised, but the 
same fly attacks celery, hence this plant 
should be excluded from the rotation. 
Spray with kerosene emulsion one part 
to 10 of water, or sprinkle sand, ashes or 
land plaster mixed in the kerosene along 
the rows. Make these applications once 
a week through June. 
Literature 
Division Entomological Bulletin No. 33, 
New Series. 
CELERY CATERPILLAR. See under Celery. 
Parsnip Louse. See under Parsnip 
CatcH Crops. See Apple Orchard Cover 
Crops. 
Cauliflower 
The cauliflower belongs to the cabbage 
family and was introduced into Europe 
from Cyprus and the Mediterranean coast. 
It is one of the most delicately flavored 
of vegetables and is much more delicate 
in its growth than the cabbage. It is 
less resistant to heat and cold, and re 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
quires more care than the cabbage; but 
under proper conditions, is one of the 
most valuable of vegetables, bringing a 
good price in the markets. It forms a 
dense cluster of incipient flower buds 
which are the edible portion of the plant. 
It succeeds best in a rich soil and shel- 
tered position. It is propagated like the 
cabbage and given similar care; except 
that when the head begins to form, the 
large outside leaves should be pulled over 
it and fastened together at the top in 
order to prevent injury from the hot sun- 
shine. 
As a crop, they ripen somewhat irreg- 
ularly and, as the period of frost ap- 
proaches the immature heads should be 
pulled with roots and leaves and be 
planted in a cold cellar or cold frame 
where many of them will form salable 
heads. 
There are many varieties; but perhaps 
the most desirable are the Snowball and 
Harly Dwarf Erfurt. 
The insect enemies are the same as 
those of the cabbage. 
Being of the same nature as the cab- 
bage, and requiring similar treatment, we 
refer our readers to the article under 
that heading. 
GRANVILLE LOWTHER 
CAULIFLOWER DISEASES 
For the most part cauliflower is affect- 
ed by the same characteristic diseases as 
cabbage. They will be found treated un- 
der cabbage. 
Ricing 
This is not a disease but is a trouble 
caused by the starting into growth of the 
flower heads, usually after a rain follow- 
ing a dry spell. It injures the appear- 
ance but not the quality of the head. 
The trouble is corrected by cultivation 
so as to preserve a good dust mulch dur- 
ing dry periods. 
Soft Rot or Stump Rot 
Bacillus carotovorous Jones 
A common soft rot of vegetables and a 
most serious one to cauliflower, appear- 
ing at its worst in seasons of hot, damp 
weather. The bacillus is a wound para- 
site but the manner of its spread is un- 
