CELERY DISEASES—-THE CHERRY 
thoroughly applied. The insects are slug- 
gish during the early morning and many 
of them can be caught by means of a 
large butterfly net; but in all cases it 
will be as necessary to destroy insects 
found upon surrounding crops and weeds. 
ZEBRA CATERPILLAR. See Celery Cater- 
pillar, this section. 
CELERIAC, CULTURE OF. See Alaska. 
CHECKING GROWTH, COVER CROPS FOR. 
See Apple Orchard, Cover Crops. 
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF APPLES. 
Fertilization of Apple Orchard. 
CHEMICALS REMOVED BY VARIOUS CROPS. 
See Apple Orchard, Cover Crops. 
The Cherry 
The origin of the cherry, like that of 
many of our domestic fruits, is lost in 
the unwritten history of the evolution 
of plant life. If we could see the cherry 
from which all varieties of cherries have 
come, and then if we could see that from 
which this original cherry sprung, and 
so on back step by step until we reached 
a point beyond which we cannot go, there 
would at least be educational interest 
in it, and having traced one species back 
to its original, we might, with strong pre- 
sumption of truth, say that this is the 
path all other fruits have trodden. Being 
denied this privilege, we classify the cher- 
ry under its genus, Prunus, and the seed- 
ling cherry under its species, Aviwm. 
There is no doubt that certain varieties 
were introduced into this country from 
the older countries, but when they came 
there were cherries growing wild in this 
country that came from some source, 
no one knows where, and in all prob- 
ability travelled the same path as the 
cherries of Europe or of the Orient, which 
under cultivation were improved and 
brought to this country in the improved 
state. 
The wild cherry grew in the Atlantic 
states and in the Middle states as late 
as 1865, or even later. The writer came 
to Illinois about that time and settled 
on the prairies near a point of timber 
that skirted the stream called Bruiletts 
Creek. A little village called Cherry 
Point had sprung up at the point of tim- 
See 
771 
ber, extending out into the prairie. In 
that skirt of timber there were cherry 
trees large enough to be manufactured 
into lumber, and they were used for the 
various purposes of fencing, building, 
etc. 
At the time it did not occur to us to 
measure the trees, for we did not think 
their size was of much consequence, ex- 
cept as they could be utilized for the time 
being, but as we remember them now, 
they must have been 18 inches to 8 feet 
in diameter. Then, in the little groves 
on the prairies were cherry trees of 
smaller size that nearly always bore 
fruit. The fruit of the large and the 
small varieties was not the same in size 
or color, one being black and the other 
reddish, but they were cherries and there 
was no greater difference between them, 
than exists now between the light and 
dark colored fruits of the same name, 
but of improved varieties. In the hill 
lands of Oregon, near the coast are large 
wild cherry trees, highly prized for lum- 
ber. 
From Prunus Avium the following var- 
ieties have sprung: 
First. The Mazzards, or inferior seed- 
ling fruit of various shapes and colors, 
the trees often attaining great size. 
Second. The Hearts, or heart shaped 
sweet cherries, light or dark, represent- 
ed by the black Tartarian and Governor 
Wood. 
Third, The Bigarreaus, or heart 
shaped, firm fleshed, sweet cherry, like 
the Napolean and Windsor. 
Fourth. The Dukes, light colored, some- 
what acid in flesh, such as the May Duke 
and the Reine Hortense. 
From Prunus Cerasus, 
varieties have sprung: 
First. The Armarelles, or light color- 
ed, sour cherry with colorless juice, repre- 
sented by the Early Richmond and Mont- 
morency. 
Second. The Morellos, or dark color- 
ed, sour cherry with dark colored juice 
like the English Morello and Louis Phil- 
ippe. 
The Mahaleb is a type brought from 
the Old World, and is hardier and smaller 
the following 
