780 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
market: Oxheart; Tartarian, Black; 
Wood, Governor. Dessert and kitchen: 
May Duke. Dessert: Early Purple Guigne; 
Spanish, Yellow. Kitchen: Late Duke. 
District No. 16 
HigHLY RECOMMENDED—Dessert and mar- 
ket: Bing; Tartarian, Black. Market: 
Napoleon (Royal Ann). 
RECOMMENDED — Kitchen and market: 
Richmond, Harly. Dessert and market: 
Lewelling; Rockport. 
District No. 17 
HIGHLY RECOMMENDED—Dessert and mar- 
ket: Tartarian, Black. Market: Napoleon 
(Royal Ann). 
RECOMMENDED — Dessert and market: 
Centennial. 
RECOMMENDED FOR TRIAL—Dessert and 
market: Lewelling. 
District No. 18 
RECOMMENDED — Kitchen and market: 
Morello, English (Wragg). Dessert and 
market: Tartarian, Black; Centennial. 
Market: Napoleon (Royal Ann). 
CHERRY DISEASES 
Black Knot 
Plowrightia morbosa Schw. 
This is.a conspicuous disease attacking 
the branches of cherry and plum trees but 
is more frequent upon the cherry varieties 
of the Morello type. It is due to a para- 
sitic fungus. Insects, however, make har- 
bors of the interior of the knots. The 
spores of the black knot fungus are rip- 
ened during the winter and scattered in 
early spring, finding lodgment on the new 
branches or in fractures on old ones, 
where their growth causes the formation 
of a new knot. Black knot may be pre- 
vented by spraying with Bordeaux mix- 
ture, but is more profitably controlled by 
carefully cutting off affected parts and 
burning them, making a clean sweep at 
least once each year and that previous to 
March ist. This is a practicable measure 
and we have confidence in its efficiency. 
(The disease occurs on wild cherries i 
Northwest —Ed ) n the 
A. D. Srey, 
Wooster, Ohio. 
Brown Rot 
Sclerotinia fructigena 
H. S. JacKSon 
The rot caused by Sclerotiuma fructi- 
gena on many stone fruits, is sometimes 
serious also on cherries. Moist weather 
conditions near the ripening time are 
favorable for the rapid development and 
spread of the disease. The fruit is more 
susceptible as it becomes mature. The 
disease makes its appearance on the 
cherry as a small brown spot, which 
gradually enlarges until the whole fruit 
is affected. 
A general discussion of this disease to- 
gether with recommendations for its con- 
trol, will be found under Peach diseases. 
Black Cherry Twig Blight 
Sclerotinia seaveri Rehm 
Has been found on wild cherry in New 
York. 
Cherry Gummosis 
H. P. Barss 
The term “gummosis” by itself denotes 
simply the abnormal development of 
gummy or mucilaginous substances, re- 
sulting in the formation of gum pockets 
or exudations from various parts of the 
plant. The tendency to gum formation 
is characteristic of plums, apricots, 
peaches, cherries and other stone fruits 
wherever grown, usually as a response 
to injury, disease or unsuitable condi- 
tions of soil, climate, etc. Citrus and 
other trees are often subject to similar 
gumming. We are concerned here, how- 
ever, With this phenomenon as it appears 
on the cherry, especially on the sweet 
varieties in the Northwest. 
Of the two groups of cherries, the sour 
cherries or Prunus cerasus group, and 
the sweet cherries or Prunus avium 
group, we find that the former are not 
nearly so susceptible to gum flow, while 
the latter seem particularly subject to 
serious attacks whenever they are culti- 
vated, if we can judge by the reports 
that come from such widely separated 
points as Australia, Europe and the Pa- 
cific coast, 
In the state of Oregon serious attacks 
of gumming in the cherry orchards were 
noticed at least as early as 1853, very 
