CHERRY DISHASES 
growers to adopt this practice. Although 
it takes time and patience, it pays in 
the end. The time to begin is when the 
trees are very young. Small cankers can 
be easily cut out, but an old tree full of 
disease is an almost hopeless case to 
work on. 
Summary of Recommendations 
1. Use a resistant stock like the so- 
called Mazzard cherry, and graft or bud 
into the branches to secure a trunk and 
crotch practically free from gummosis. 
2. The Lambert cherry is recommend- 
ed as being somewhat more resistant to 
the disease than the Royal Ann and Bing 
varieties. 
38. Good cultivation in the spring is 
urged as promoting a vigorous and 
healthy growth and rendering the trees 
more likely to resist the spread of the 
malady. 
4. The cutting out of diseased tissue 
and sterilizing of the wound will check 
the development of cankers in many 
cases, especially if taken in the earliest 
stages. New orchards should be carefully 
inspected for several years and all affect- 
ed spots treated as soon as discovered. 
A Partial List of Important Works 
Relating to Cherry Gummosis 
Aderhold, R. Ueber das Kirschbaum- 
sterben am Rhein, seine Urschen und 
seine Behandlung. Arb. K. Gsndhtsamt., 
Biol. Abt. 3, No. 4, 1908. 
Aderhold, R., and Ruhland, W. Der 
Bacterienbrand der Kirschbaume. Arb. 
K. Gsndhsamt. Biol. Abt. 5, p. 293, 1907. 
Beijerinck, M. W., and Rant, A. Sur 
Vexcitation par traumatisme, le para- 
Sitisme et Vecoulement gommeux chez les 
amygdalees. Arch. Neerland. Sci. Exact. 
et Nat., Ser. 2, 11, p. 184, 1906. 
Brzezinski, P. J. Htiologie du chancre 
et de la gomme des arbres fruitiers. 
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 1384, No. 20, p. 
1170, 1902. 
Butler, 0. R. A Study on Gummosis of 
Prunus and Citrus. Ann. Bot. 27, No. 97, 
p. 107, 1911. 
Frank, A. B., and Kruger, 
Kirschbaumsterben am Rhein. 
Landw. Presse. 1899, p. 249. 
EF. Das 
Deut 
789 
Grifin, F. L. A Bacterial Gummosis of 
Cherries. Science N. S. 34, No. 879, p. 
615, Nov. 3, 1911. 
McAlpine, D. Fungous Diseases of 
Stone Fruit Trees in Australia. Bul. Dept. 
Agr. (Victoria), 1902, p. 67. 
Mikosch, K. Untersuchungen uber die 
Eintstehung des Kirschgummi.  Sitzber. 
K. Akad. Wiss. (Vienna), Math. Naturw. 
Kl. 115, No. 6, p. 911, 1906. 
Prillieux, E. Hiude sur la formation de 
la gomme dans les arbres fruitiers. Compt. 
Rend Acad. Sci. 78, p. 135, 1874. 
Sorauer, P. Untersuchungen uber Gum- 
mifluss und Frostwirkungen bei Kirsch- 
baumen. Part 1, Landw. Jahrb, 39, p. 
259, 1910. Part 2, Landw. Jahrb. 41, p. 
131, 1911. 
Die Back 
Cherry trees are subject to injury from 
unfavorable conditions of soil, moisture, 
etc. As a result of such injuries the trees 
frequently die back from the top and 
suffer severely in this way. 
This trouble can be controlled only by 
planting on soil which is particularly 
suited to the cherry and by determining 
the best root stock for any given type of 
soil or locality. 
Trees in which die back and gummosis 
are produced by unusual climatic condi- 
tions should be cut back in the top to 
sound wood, and have the trunks pro- 
tected from sunburn by whitewash or 
wrapping. 
Fruit Drop 
Fruit falls to the ground while small 
and undeveloped. The trouble is common 
to many fruits and is due to conditions 
of climate which lie outside of ordinary 
control, or to lack of proper pollination, 
which may be controlled by planting suit- 
able varieties for cross-pollination. Rains 
occurring at blossoming time or frost at a 
critical time may have this effect. 
R. EH. SMITH, 
California Experiment Station, Bulletin 218. 
Leaf Curl or Witches’ Broom 
Haoascus cerasi 
H. S. Jackson 
This disease is quite common in the 
Northwest, but is not yet very serious. It 
is caused by a fungus, Eavoascus cerasi, 
which attacks the branches. The affected 
