CHERRY PESTS 
green caterpillar, about 2% inches long, 
with 4 yellow or red tubercles or horns 
on the thoracic segments, i. e., on the 
two posterior rings bearing feet; there 
is also a large horn of similar color on 
the back of the 12th segment, count- 
ing from the head. When full fed, the 
caterpillar draws the opposite edges of 
a good sized leaf together, thus making a 
kind of cylinder, except that the ends 
are closed, and within this it spins a very 
tough, light-colored cocoon. The stem of 
the leaf, enclosing the cocoon, is attach- 
ed by a strong band of silken threads to 
the twig which produced it. So strong 
is this connecting band that it cannot 
be broken except by a very strong pull. 
The cocoons may be clipped from the 
trees and burned after the leaves have 
fallen. No other remedy than hand-gath- 
ering is needed when the worms are feed- 
ing. 
H. A. Gossarp, 
Wooster, Ohio. 
ERMINE MotH. See under Apple Pests. 
Fall Canker Worm 
Alsophila pometaria Harris 
Family Geometridae 
General Appearance 
In all of its stages this insect greatly 
resembles the spring canker worm (Pale- 
acrita vernata Peck), but differs in that 
the larvae have three pairs of legs on the 
posterior half of the body instead of two 
and the bodies are more distinctly striped. 
The primary wings of the males also have 
an extra light band near the middle. The 
eggs are shaped like small flower pots, be- 
ing smaller at the bottoms than at the 
tops, with distinct darker circles at the 
tops. They are deposited in regular 
clusters of from fifty to two hundred, 
standing side by side in exposed places. 
Life History 
The life history is practically the same 
as that of the spring canker worm, but 
the eggs are deposited in a compact mass 
and glued to the twigs and covered with 
hairs from the female’s body in the late 
fall or during the milder portions of 
winter, as late as March. The young 
hatch about the same time as those of 
the spring forms and work about the 
795 
same. The adults issue from October to 
December, or as late as spring, and im- 
mediately crawl up the trunks to de 
posit their eggs. 
Food Plants 
The foliage of the apple, prune, cherry, 
apricot and other fruit trees are attack- 
ed. 
Control 
Control measures as adopted for the 
spring canker worm may be used for this 
(See under Apple Pests.) Bands around 
the tree trunks will not prove as effect- 
ual, because of heavy winter rains, un- 
less they are occasionally renewed. These 
barriers must be put ip place during 
September and October and continued un- 
til spring. 
E. O. Essie 
Fatt Wes WorM. See under Apple 
Pests. 
Frostep Scare. See under Apricot 
Pests. 
Fruit Bark BretLe. See under Apple 
Pests. 
Ivy oR OLEANDER Scape. See Apple 
Pests. 
Lear CRUMPLER. See under Apple Pests. 
Peach Borer. See under Peach Pests. 
Pear Bruicurt Beetite. See Shot Hole 
Borer, this section. 
Pear Turips. See under Pear Pests. 
San Jose ScALE. See under Apple 
Pests. 
Scurry SCALE. 
Smaller Shot Hole Borer 
Xyleborus saveseni Ratz 
H. F. WiInson 
This little cylindrical beetle is quite 
similar to the shot hole borer in appear- 
ance, but is only about one-half as large. 
The burrows are also quite dissimiliar in 
nature, and on comparison can readily be 
distinguished. 
The above species apparently works 
upon the same trees and under the same 
conditions as the larger species, and so 
far as we know, never enters perfectly 
healthy trees. The life history is not 
definitely known for the Northwest, but 
in general is about as follows: 
The adults reach maturity in the spring 
See under Apple Pests. 
