808 
of the tree, it is thought that the trouble 
is not unlike the Sun Scald of cherry 
and other young fruit trees. 
G. Harotp PowerELu 
ea rrinreentien eter 
Delaware Bulletin 42 
Canker. See Bark Disease, this sec- 
tion. 
Chestnut Bark Disease 
Diaporthe parasitica Murrill 
This disease occurs in the northeastern 
part of the United States and threatens 
great damage to chestnut trees of all 
species except certain Japanese varieties 
which seem to be immune. The flavor 
of these seems to be inferior to that of 
the improved European sorts but is be- 
lieved that varieties ean be developed by 
crossing which will combine the flavor 
of the European and the resistant quali- 
ties of the Japanese varieties. 
The disease girdles the twigs and af- 
fected limbs and otherwise reduces the 
vitality of the tree. The fungus confines 
itself to the bark and cambium and seems 
to gain entrance almost wholly through 
wounds. 
No satisfactory method of control has 
been discovered except that of severe 
cutting when the disease first appears on 
branches and twigs. 
References 
1908. Metcalf, Haven. Immunity of 
the Japanese Chestnut to Bark Disease. 
Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin 121. 
1909. Duggar, B. M. Fungus Diseases 
of Plants, Ginn & Co., N. Y. 
CHESTNUT BLIGHT. See Chestnut Bark 
Disease, this section. 
Crown Gatun. See under Apple Dis- 
eases. 
CHESTNUT PESTS 
Chestnut Weevils 
According to Chittenden* there are two 
species of chestnut weevil, the “larger” 
and the “‘lesser.”’ 
They have extremely long, slender 
beaks or snouts, nearly as fine as a horse- 
hair, and considerably longer than the 
body in the female. By means of this 
long beak the female is able to pene- 
trate the thickest bur of the chestnut 
* Bureau of Entomology Circular No. 99. 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
with its long spines and to cut out, with 
the minute and sharp mandibles at the 
tip of her beak, a little hole for the 
deposition of her eggs. These are insert- 
ed through the husk into the growing 
nut. 
The two species resemble each other 
greatly in color and in markings, the gen- 
eral color of both being golden yellow, 
ochraceous, or clay yellow, frequently 
tinged with olive, and a little paler on 
the lower surface. The disk of the thor- 
ax is a little darker with a wide bright 
band on each side, and the elytra, or wing 
covers, are mottled with rich light brown 
or dark brown markings of variable sive 
and extent. 
Larger Chestnut Weevil 
Balaninus proboscideus Fab. 
The larger chestnut weevil is consid- 
erably the larger and more robust species. 
The female rostrum or beak, although 
proportionately of about the same length 
as in the lesser weevil, is perceptibly 
more prominent because less curved, the 
curvature being toward the tip. It is 
also more widened at the base. The 
body measures from one-third to nearly 
one-half of an inch in length, and the 
beak of the female is often five-eighths 
of an inch long. 
The larvae is milk-white, robust, fully 
three times as long as wide. The fully 
developed larva in ordinary resting posi- 
tion measures nearly half an inch. Al- 
though the larvae has no true legs, it 
is able to crawl, slowly and clumsily, it 
is true, by means of the flattened lower 
surface, locomotion being aided by trans- 
verse wrinkles. 
The pupa is of a clearer whitish color 
than the larva, and shows the principal 
external organs of the body of the future 
beetle, all, except the beak, folded tight- 
ly to the body. 
This species, like the other weevils 
under consideration, is native to Ameri- 
ca and is known from Rhode Island to 
Virginia, the District of Columbia, south- 
ern Ohio, and Tennessee, and westward 
to Kansas. The geographical distribu- 
tion of this and the other nut weevils 
has as yet not been carefully studied, but 
