810 
loss of weight, and the exit holes of the 
“worms,’ naturally rise when placed in 
water, but the remaining nuts may or 
may not be infested, and hence require 
further test than whether they will sink 
or float 
Direct Remedies 
Bisulphid of Carbon 
The value of bisulphid of carbon as a 
fumigant for chestnuts infested by weevils 
is now fully established. The dead 
weevil larvae are at this time so small 
that the average person would never de- 
tect their presence, while if they were 
permitted to develop they would soon de- 
stroy the nut for food. 
The following treatment is recommend- 
ed’ % ounce of bisulphid of carbon 
to one bushel of nuts placed in a kerosene 
barrel of 50 gallons capacity, tightly cov- 
ered and left for two days. 
Sealding and Drying 
Some growers make a practice of plung- 
ing the nuts as gathered into boiling 
water just long enough to kill the con- 
tained insects and yet not injure the nuts 
for sale, after which they are dried be- 
fore being marketed. This may be pro- 
fitably accomplished by using a large 
Sieve, which is filled with nuts, dipped in 
the water, and removed in about five 
minutes. Salt water, it is claimed, is 
preferable for scalding, the brine serving 
to keep the shell soft and pliable and 
rendering the kernels more palatable than 
when not thus treated. 
Nuts for planting should not be scald- 
ed, and care should be taken not to cook 
the kernels of nuts intended for sale 
Heat 
Infested nuts can be subjected to a 
temperature of between 125 degrees Fah- 
renheit and 150 degrees Fahrenheit with- 
out injuring them for food or for seed 
and this will effect the destruction of 
the larvae within. Some growers of 
chestnuts destroy the weevils by kiln-dry- 
ing. 
Cold storage has been employed and 
this is successful in arresting the de- 
velopment of the larvae, but nuts thus 
treated were deficient in flavor. 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
Preventives 
Choice of Location for the Orchard 
It is most undesirable to plant in the 
immediate vicinity of woodland abound- 
ing in wild chestnut and chinquapin, since 
these trees furnish natural breeding places 
for the insects, and are, therefore, a 
constant menace to successful chestnut 
culture. 
Wild chestnuts or chinquapins in the 
immediate vicinity of cultivated groves 
should be gathered. To Secure good re- 
sults, it is imperative to plant or graft 
trees on smooth ground, first for the sake 
of economy, and second to permit the 
collection of all of the nuts, leaving none 
for the propagation of weevils. 
Two-Lined Chestnut Borer 
Agrilus biluneatus Weber 
Occasional outbreaks of this insect have 
been reported when they have done con- 
siderable damage 
The beetle is elongate, black with a 
more or less greenish tinge, about three- 
eighths of an inch long. 
The larva works just under the bark 
of the tree making galleries which re- 
sults in a practical girdling. 
The most important requisite in con- 
trolling the borer is clean culture. All 
dead wood should be cut out and burned. 
Cut and sawed timber should have the 
bark removed. 
For shade trees some mechanical pro- 
tection during the egg-laying season is 
practicable. 
Sprays of lime and Paris green are de- 
terrents, also fish oil and petroleum pre- 
parations. 
Reference 
Bureau of Entomology Circular No. 24, 
Revised. 
Cider Products Made on the 
Farm 
There are but few orchardists whose 
apples are of so uniformly good quality 
that there is not quite a percentage that 
will have to be disposed of in some way 
other than shipping to market. One of 
the best ways of disposing of this fruit 
is the making of it into vinegar. The 
