840 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF 
PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
Fig. 3. 
bog belongs to Mr. 
some cases deeper. It is sometimes nec- 
essary to dig large ditches several -miles 
in length in order to secure drainage. 
The small ditches are usually dug by 
hand and some of the larger ditches by 
small dredges. 
Dams and dikes will be necessary along 
the ditches in order to control the water 
when flooding. These can be constructed 
when the ditches are being dug and they 
are sometimes built with the scalpings 
from the bog. 
In order to control the water for irri- 
gating and drainage it will be necessary 
to construct gates and _  flumes in the 
ditches. The number and location of 
these will depend on the arrangement of 
the bogs. They are mostly built of wood, 
but in some cases the more important 
may be of concrete or steel pipe. 
Water Supply 
The water supply may be secured from 
living streams, storage reservoirs, lakes, 
or it may be pumped from wells into a 
reservoir. In some places it is necessary 
to control large areas of land in order 
to secure sufficient water. It is some- 
times necessary to carry water long dis- 
tances in canals or ditches. The distrib- 
uting system should be so arranged that 
the bogs can be flooded in five or six 
This Picture Shows a Year-Old Bog. 
other side is a newly planted bog in which all the ditches have not been dug. 
Schimpff of Astoria and contains ten acres. 
On the near side of the ditch and on the 
This 
hours and drained off in two hours. The 
design of the water system will also de- 
pend on whether the water is to be used 
for flooding or just for irrigating or for 
both. Where there is sufficient water of 
the proper character a gravity system will 
be the best. As there are few places 
where sufficient water can be secured by 
gravity it is probable that most bogs will 
have to depend on pumping plants. The 
pumps can generally be operated at a 
very low cost and in most cases will be 
more economical than a gravity system. 
Buildings and Equipment 
The buildings required will consist of 
some dwellings or living quarters for the 
superintendent, laborers and harvesters; 
some tool sheds and a packing and store- 
house. The storehouse should be so ar- 
ranged that it can be kept at a uniform 
temperature and dry and should also be 
arranged so that it will have good ven- 
tilation and that the sunlight will not 
strike. the stored berries. The packing 
and storehouses should be built and op- 
erated by an association of the growers. 
These buildings are mostly built of wood, 
but recently the larger companies are 
building them of concrete or brick. 
The machinery and equipment required 
will consist of some machinery for clear- 
