848 
of the lobes, but they may be on any part 
of the berry and possibly on the leaves 
as well. The worms emerge in about five 
days, and for a day or two feed on the 
outer side of the berry. Then each worm 
enters a berry, eats out the seed chamber, 
and migrates to another. The vacated 
berry turns red, shrivels up, and eventu- 
ally drops. In this second berry it be- 
comes half grown, then works out through 
a large jagged opening and gets into a 
third berry. By this time the season is 
pretty well advanced, the fruit is of good 
size, and, soon after the worm starts 
feeding, the newly infested berry begins 
to turn red. To the ordinary observer the 
fruit is ripening nicely, if early; but the 
grower knows better and realizes that 
every such specimen is lost to him. Quite 
frequently the worms do not get their full 
growth at picking time, and emerge from 
the berries after they are harvested. These 
delayed forms make their way to any 
crevice or other shelter that they can find 
and there spin up for the winter rest. 
At this time the worm is rather more 
than half an inch in length, of a bright 
green color, with a variably marked red- 
dish tinge on the back. 
The full-grown caterpillars winter in 
their silken cocoons, which they make by 
first rolling in the sand, gluing the par- 
ticles together with saliva, and then spin- 
ning their web inside of the rough casing 
so formed. 
Remedial Measures 
Winter flowage is not fatal to these in- 
Sects, and covering the bogs with water at 
any time after the winter cocoon has been 
formed would probably be ineffective. 
Nevertheless, water-covered bogs are less 
troubled, and it is probable that the 
earlier the water is put on in the fall the 
more effective this practice will be. 
Indications are that if a bog can be safe- 
ly submerged for 48 hours between Au- 
gust 10th and 15th, just before the worms 
reach their full growth, the great majority 
will be killed off. Sound berries covered 
for that length of time will not come to 
harm if the water can be put on and 
drawn off rapidly enough to avoid scald- 
ing. Fruits not quite so far advanced may 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
be covered for even a longer time without 
injury. The vines should be completely 
covered before the sun beats upon them 
high enough to warm the water, the cov- 
ering should be sufficiently deep to pre- 
vent a scalding effect, and when the water 
is drawn sunrise should find at least every 
berry above the water level, that the dry- 
ing off may be gradual. A cool day would 
almost insure safety to the berries, an in- 
tensely hot one might cause injury, and 
the nearer maturity the fruit the greater 
the danger. 
If reflowage be not practiced, pick the 
crop as soon as it is at all practicable, so 
as to get aS many wormy berries off the 
bog as may be. The worms will emerge 
in the cranberry house and form their 
cocoons in cracks and crevices or among 
rubbish. Give them plenty of shelter in 
the way of loosely piled slats, boards, or 
other cover, placed wherever conveniently 
possible, and any time during the winter 
clean up thoroughly, so as to reach the 
hibernating worms. Field mice will eat 
these worms. Also a liberal use of gaso- 
line in such places under the usual pre- 
cautions against fire would reach every 
one of them. 
Insecticides are possible only during the 
two or three days in which the young 
worm feeds on the outside of the berry, 
and the only material that offers any 
chance of good results is arsenate of lead. 
One spraying per week for three, or pref- 
erably four, weeks offers a fair chance of 
success by killing off the berry worms be- 
fore they get into the berry. 
On bogs that cannot be flowed the ar- 
Senate of lead, aided by early picking, will 
probably reduce the amount of injury 
materially; but on such bogs the develop- 
ment of the moths may occur earlier and 
the grower must rely more upon the stage 
of growth, or, better, the appearance of 
the moths themselves on the bog, than 
upon any absolute dates. 
Cranberry Girdler 
Crambus hortuellus Hbn. 
This species, more commonly known as 
the “girdle worm,” is found abundantly in 
all the cranberry districts, but it is seri- 
ously injurious in Massachusetts only. The 
