CRANBERRY PESTS 
on the ground, especially under cran- 
berry crates, is certain; but it is not 
proved that they ever go upon a vine to 
feed upon a berry attached to it. The 
species lay their eggs in sandy soil, and 
never in wet or mud land; so, as a matter 
of fact, no field crickets can really pro- 
pagate on the bogs. But they get into 
the dams, and oviposit in warm sandy 
places, so that the young may hatch early 
in the spring and find their way to the 
moist, warm places in which they delight. 
Their range of food seems to be wide, and 
there is almost nothing they will not eat 
under favorable conditions; but they live 
on the ground and rarely get out of the 
shelter of the vines or upon them. 
If it be deemed desirable the crickets 
can be kept off the bogs almost entirely 
by broad, clean, marginal ditches main- 
tained at least partly full of water. The 
crickets rarely if ever fly, and, while they 
are good swimmers, do not ordinarily at- 
tempt to cross any ditch six feet wide. 
A flowing just after picking would de- 
stroy most of the grasshopper and cricket 
tribe that then occur in their greatest 
number. 
MEASURING Worm. See Cranberry Span 
Worm. 
Cranberry Span Worm 
Cleora pampinaria Gn. 
In some sections of Cape Cod certain 
“span,” “inch,” or “measuring” worms 
occasionally become injuriously abun- 
dant and the most destructive of these is 
the species above named. The color of 
the parent moth is pale ash gray, 
sprinkled with black, and both wings are 
crossed diagonally by black lines and 
shades. The worms first appear on the 
bogs in June and become fully grown by 
the end of that month or early in July. 
They are then rather more than an inch 
long; slender, smooth, livid gray cater- 
pillars with deeply indented head and 
long, pointed anal plate. 
When full grown they bury themselves 
in the ground and pupate. The moths 
emerge a few days later. The second 
brood comes on in early August and 
pupates before the tenth. The moths ap- 
pear late in August and September. 
851 
There seems to be no regularity about 
the appearance of these insects. Some 
years they do not appear at all. In 
others they appear in great numbers and 
occasionally in armies. 
Remedial Measures 
Being an open feeder upon the foliage, 
this span worm is susceptible to arsenical 
poisoning, and unless the bogs can be 
rapidly reflowed and as rapidly laid dry, 
spraying or dusting are the only alterna- 
tives. Where the worms are noticed when 
they first start, spraying the foliage just 
ahead of them may answer all purposes, 
and indeed this poisoning of their line 
of advance should always be done before 
treating the parts already infested. Hith- 
er Paris green or arsenate of lead may 
be applied. 
Cranberry Tip Worm 
Cecidomyia oxycoccana Johns 
This is a minute orange-red or yellow- 
ish grub about one-sixteenth of an inch 
in length, found in the growing shoots, 
whether uprights or runners. It appears 
on the vines soon after they make a4 
start, and the first indication of its pres- 
ence is when the small leaves of the tip 
cease to unfold and become bunched into 
a compact, bulb-like mass. When this 
mass is opened, from one to five, and 
usually two or three, of the little grubs 
will be found at the very heart of the 
growing tip, feeding upon the juices and 
completely checking growth. If it is a 
runner that is attacked, it is destroyed; 
if a fruit-bearing upright, the fower buds 
come out below the infested tip and no 
harm is done to the crop. But the in- 
sects continue to appear on the bogs at 
intervals throughout the season, and the 
danger is that the late-tipped uprights 
will form no fruit buds for the next year. 
The adult is a minute, two-winged fly 
or midge whose wings when expanded 
measure less than an eighth of an inch 
from tip to tip. The male is quite uni- 
formly yellowish-gray and inconspicuous, 
but the female has the abdomen deep red, 
the upper surface of the body gray, the 
sides yellowish, the head and eyes black. 
She also has a slender, extensile tip to the 
