876 
low and black with the inner sides of 
tibiae and tarsi yellow and the outer sides 
black. The larvae are slightly more than 
half an inch in length and yellowish 
white, with dark heads. The chrysalids 
are amber brown. 
Life History 
The eggs are deposited in the early sum- 
mer and the young upon hatching bore 
into the canes of the currants and work 
upon the inner pith during the summer 
and winter, eventually destroying the 
bushes. Late in the spring the pupe are 
found within the old burrows near an 
opening through which the adult emerges, 
drawing nearly all of the pupal case after 
it. The winter is passed in the larval 
stage. 
Distribution 
Canada and the United States, 
Food Plants 
The young caterpillars work on the 
pith within the stalks or canes of the 
currant and gooseberry, doing much dam- 
age to the fruit-bearing wood. In not 
a few cases entire patches have been ren- 
dered worthless before the unsuspecting 
grower was aware of the real cause of the 
dying bushes. 
Control 
Control is rather difficult and consists 
in cutting out and burning the sickly- 
looking canes as often as they appear. 
EH. O. Essie 
IMPORTED CURRANT SAwrty. See CQur- 
rant Worm, this section. 
Oblique-Banded Leaf Roller 
Archips rosaceana Harr. 
Late in May and during June the leaves 
at the tips of young shoots of currants of 
all kinds may be seen gathered together 
by active pale green caterpillars about 
three-fourths of an inch long, with black 
heads. Upon tearing the leaves apart 
these wriggle quickly out of their shelters 
and fall to the ground. When full grown, 
which is during June, the caterpillars 
change to brown chrysalids inside their 
tents, and from these a little later the 
moths appear. These are flat and broad 
in shape, resembling a bell in outline 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
when at rest The front wings are light 
brown, crossed by broad oblique bands 
of a darker tint. The hind wings are of 
a pale ochre yellow. The moth expands 
about an inch across the wings. The 
caterpillars are very general feeders and 
may be found on a great number of trees 
and shrubs. 
Remedy 
Spraying bushes with Paris green and 
water to destroy the first brood of the 
currant worm, will control this cater- 
pillar also, as it occurs about the same 
time. The clusters of leaves containing 
the larve are easily noticed and should 
be pulled apart and the caterpillars killed 
whenever detected. 
Oyster Shell Scale 
Mytilaspis ulmi La. 
Several kinds of scale insects attack 
currants and gooseberries. These plants 
seem to be particularly susceptible to the 
attacks of the well known oyster shell 
scale of the apple, and the San Jose 
scale. In neglected plantations these in- 
jurious insects increase rapidly, and a 
great deal of injury results to the trees. 
Remedy 
The remedies for scale insects are direct 
treatment for the destruction of the in- 
festing insect, and preventive measures 
such as the invigoration of the tree by 
special culture and pruning, to enable it 
to throw off or outgrow injury. Infested 
plantations should be cultivated and fer- 
tilized early in the season, and all un- 
necessary wood should be pruned out. 
As direct remedies, spraying the bushes 
at the time the young scale insects first 
appear in June with kerosene emulsion 
or whale-oil soap, or spraying in autumn 
before the hard wéather of winter sets 
in with a simple whitewash made with 
one pound of lime in each gallon of water, 
gives the best results. Two coats of the 
whitewash should be applied, the second 
one immediately after the firstis dry. In 
putting on two thin coats of the wash in- 
stead of one thick one, far better results 
have been secured. For the San Jose 
scale the lime and sulphur wash is neces- 
sary, and must be repeated every year. 
