984 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
Do not try to grow such plants as love 
shade and moisture on dry hillsides, as 
is often done, but select plants which are 
especially adapted to the climate, soil 
and situation of your garden. Use Ameri- 
can grown plants in your plantations if 
you want to succeed. Do not attempt to 
transplant large trees and shrubs from 
the woods into your gardens, they will 
either not live or produce a_ stunted 
growth. Small plants may be collected 
and transplanted successfully. 
Make use of the many beautiful hardy 
plants introduced from other countries, 
especially those from Japan which are 
well adapted to our American climate. 
These, aS well as our native plants, can 
be obtained from our American nurseries, 
where they have had the care necessary 
for successful transplanting. 
FLOWERS 
Most of the flowers treated in this 
work will be found catalogued in this 
section, and not as generally treated in 
the alphabetical order of names scattered 
through the work. The Standard Dic- 
tionary gives the following definition of 
“flower”: 
“Botanically, a flower may be regarded 
as a sporangia (spore-case) bearing 
shoot, or sporophore. Only two parts 
are essential, the androecium (male part) 
and the gynoecium (female part), these 
organs being necessary to the production 
of seed. But not all seed-bearing plants 
produce flowers in the popular meaning 
of the term, the conifers and their allies 
being considered flowerless. As _ ordi- 
narily used, the term flower refers to 
those floral structures whose sporangia- 
bearing leaves are made conspicuous and 
are protected by colored leaves. Even 
when the sporangial leaves are absent 
(as hydrangeas and chrysanthemums) the 
clusters of colored leaves are called flow- 
ers. A flower in its simplest form may 
consist of only an axis that bears a single 
sporophyl. The opposite extreme may be 
seen in certain composites and orchids 
that possess complex and highly special- 
ized floral structures, the differentiations | 
having arisen apparently to aid the more 
easy transfer of pollen or the more effec- 
tive scattering of seeds. A completely 
developed flower consists of a central 
short stem (torus), floral leaves (sepals, 
Fig. 13. 
Evergreen Hedge, Eastern Hemlock (T7'suga canadensis) 
—Photo by Duncan. 
