938 
lavishly from early spring until frost. 
They are most effective when grown in 
beds of considerable size, over which the 
seed may be thinly sown broadcast and 
lightly raked in. These sowings may be 
made early in spring, or late in autumn 
for earlier germination and bloom the 
next spring. The eschscholtzia is also 
very useful as a pot plant and for cut 
flowers. 
Calliopsis, Coreopsis 
Coreopsis is a genus of showy annual 
or perennial herbaceous plants, with 
graceful long-stemmed flowers well suit- 
ed for bouquets. The hardy annuals of 
this genus are generally known by the 
name calliopsis. This is one of the gar- 
den’s great forces in yellows, strength- 
ened with rich maroons and browns. 
Seeds of the calliopsis for summer flower- 
ing in situations north of New York 
city should be sown in March in boxes 
in a living room or in a gentle heat in a 
greenhouse or hotbed. In localities south 
of New York the seeds may be sown in 
the open in May in good garden soil, 
with the hope of an abundance of flow- 
ers from August until frost. The plants 
should be thinned or transplanted to at 
least 10 inches apart each way. Their 
tall, slender habit makes neat staking and 
tying necessary. All are fine for cutting, 
especially Coreopsis grandiflora and C. 
lanceolata. 
Campanula 
Canterbury Bells, Bell Flower 
Slipperwort 
Campanula is a genus comprising both 
perennial, biennial, and annual flowering 
plants. These fine old plants are rich in 
color, profuse in bloom, and of easy cul- 
ture. For outdoor effects, when planted 
in quantity, they are glorious, and fin- 
est full-blown specimens of such varieties 
as calycanthema or Canterbury bells can 
be transplanted to pots for house decora- 
tion by soaking the soil about them with 
water and lifting with a ball of earth. 
The seeds of the annuals should be sown 
in April or early in May. The seeds of 
biennials should be sown outdoors early 
in July, and the plants may be thinned 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
or transplanted to temporary quarters as 
late as October. 
The old practice of covering Canter- 
bury bells with leaves through the winter 
is not satisfactory. Transplant them six 
or eight inches apart in a cold frame, 
where they will make large plants by 
spring and are as easily cared for as 
pansies. In the spring set them 18 to 20 
inches apart in beds where they are to 
bloom. In June and July they flower 
most profusely, and are in fine form a 
long time. They also make beautiful pot 
plants for Haster. If sown early in good 
soil the hardy perennials will bloom early 
the next year. All varieties like a rich, 
sandy soil, with good drainage. 
Candytuft 
Tverws 
The candytufts are among the best 
white flowers for edging beds, for plant- 
ing in belts, beds, or massing, for rock- 
eries, and for cutting. Several of the 
varieties are fragrant, and all are profuse 
bloomers The seeds should be sown out- 
doors in April where the plants are to 
bloom, and well thinned when they have 
grown about an inch high. Make a sec- 
ond planting a month later, and a third 
late in July for fall flowers. September 
sowings will give winter blooming plants. 
The soil for best results should be rich, 
and the plants given an abundance of 
water. They branch freely, and if some 
are removed the flowers will be larger. 
CANTERBURY Brits. See Campanula. 
CARNATION. See Pinks. 
Castor Bean 
Racinus 
The castor oi] plant, commonly spoken 
of as the castor bean, is especially valu- 
able because it is one of the few annuals 
which can be used to produce a semi- 
tropical effect. Its rapid growth and large 
size make it valuable as the central object 
in groups where rich, luxuriant growth is 
required. The variety of color in the foli- 
age of the different sorts of castor bean 
is of value in giving contrast, and when 
used in combination with cannas, calad- 
iums, coleus, or scarlet sage most strik- 
ing effects of contrast can be produced. 
As a background for lower growing plants 
