994 
beds, edgings, baskets, and pots there 
is nothing prettier; their clear colors 
and generous bloom make them welcome 
any where. 
The seeds may be sown outdoors in 
early spring where the plants are to 
grow. As the plants appear they should 
be thinned moderately, or transplanted 
several inches apart in rich, open soil. 
Liquid manure given while they are in 
bloom greatly improves the flowers, 
Many sorts are also good winter con- 
servatory plants of trailing habit. The 
perennial or tall varieties are handsome, 
showy plants, found quite effective for 
backgrounds and grouping. 
Marigold 
Tagetes 
There are two distinct types of garden 
marigolds, each with numerous horticul- 
tural varieties, derived from two distinct 
species. 
The French marigold, which is the 
most compact and regular in growth, and 
consequently the most valuable as a bed- 
ding or a border plant, has been develop- 
ed from Tagetes patula, while the Afri- 
can marigold, which is of a more spread- 
ing and open habit of growth and there- 
fore less suited for bedding purposes, but 
well adapted for herbaceous or shrub- 
bery borders, has been developed from 
Tagetes erecta. The common names of 
these plants give no clew to their nativ- 
ity, both being tropical American plants, 
in spite of common names to the con- 
trary. 
The French marigolds are all useful 
bedding plants. The habit of growth is 
erect and compact, with good foliage. 
The flowers are well formed, bright in 
color, and occur from June until frost. 
While these plants can be grown and 
successfully brought into bloom from 
seeds sown in the open in April in the 
latitude of Washington, such plants do 
not give as early bloom or the profusion 
of bloom which will be borne by plants 
started in a house and shifted for a time 
into pots which confine the roots of the 
plant and check it, so that when set in 
the open the increased food supply has 
a tendency to induce the development of 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
flowers rather than wood, a tendency 
which is maintained, much to the grati- 
fication of the gardener, throughout the 
season. When transferred to the open 
the plants should be set at least a foot 
apart each way. The same distance 
should also be given plants grown from 
seed sown in the open. There are both 
double and single forms of the French 
marigold. The named varieties are espe- 
cially good, but very satisfactory results 
are obtained from mixed seeds. 
The African marigolds frequently grow 
two or more feet in height, and for this 
reason are better suited for planting in 
mixed borders or along belts of trees 
and shrubs than in beds or masses in 
small areas. This is, however, the com- 
mon marigold of the garden in America. 
The leaves and flowers are strong scent- 
ed. The range of color in the flowers of 
this type of marigold is from sulphur 
yellow to orange, the darker shades be- 
ing more commonly met with than the 
lighter ones. 
Mignonette 
Reseda 
Every indoor or outdoor garden must 
have mignonette in plentiful supply. The 
seed can be sown at any time, and if 
successive plantings are made, its frag- 
rant, modest colored flowers may be gath- 
ered outdoors until November. For early 
bloom in the open, sow seed in pots or 
boxes under glass in February or March 
and thin or pot off the seedlings, to make 
stocky plants for bedding out, as soon 
as severe frosts are past. To insure a 
succession of bloom throughout the sea- 
son, sow a row or two at a time in the 
open about April 15 in the vicinity of 
New York, and earlier southward, repeat- 
ing regularly at intervals of about three 
weeks till August. The July sowing will 
make good winter flowering plants. The 
average height of mignonette is one foot. 
MoonFLowrerR. See Ipomoea. 
Mornine Girory. See Ipomoea. 
Morning Glory 
The Imperial morning glory is the 
most varied and most beautiful of the 
group. One of its interesting features is 
the variety of its flowers and leaves. The 
