FRUIT AS FOOD 1047 
common foods as regards stomach di- 
gestion. Apparently it is fair to say that 
stomach digestion is influenced by the 
nature of the fruit and its stage of ripe- 
ness. Beaumont states that mellow sour 
apples eaten uncooked require two hours 
for digestion in the stomach and mellow 
sweet apples 1.5 hours. Another observer 
notes that about five ounces of raw ripe 
apple requires three hours and ten min- 
utes for digestion in the stomach, but 
states that if the fruit is unripe, and con- 
sequently contains a high proportion of 
cellulose, a much longer time may be re- 
quired. 
Little is definitely known regarding the 
relative digestion and absorption of fruits 
in the intestine, but experiments indicate 
that as a class ripe fruits are quite 
thoroughly digested, and it is evident that, 
generally speaking, fruits, like other 
foods, usually remain in the intestinal 
tract long enough for the body to absorb 
the nutritive material present, and that 
therefore the rate of intestinal digestion 
would not be a matter of special impor- 
tance. 
Relative Economy of Fruits and Other 
Foods 
In connection with his studies of the 
comparative value of fruits, Professor Jaf- 
fa summarizes data regarding the cost of 
nutrients and energy supplied by fruits 
as compared with some other foods at cer- 
tain values per pound. Some of his data 
follow: 
Table No. 2—Comparative Cost of Total Nutrients and Energy in Fruits and Other 
rem nner me rma enhance ni yrs ett entree 
Terres HAO Omen senescent veh ict Y A aL nahn anit TS SOUTUTT ST TT ENA NEL ASSLT kT OEIC aN ia 
Cost of 1,000 wei ght Carbo- 
Price 
Kind of Food Material per {ipound | calories of food | Pro- Fat hy- | Energy 
pound | protein | energy | inate. | tein drates 
rials 
Fresh Fruits Cents | Dolls. | Cents Lbs. Lbs. Lbs Lbs. | Calories 
B96) 0) (:\< a 1.5 5.0 6.67 0 02 0 ’ 
Bananas... cc. ceecce cece cee eeceeceueeeereettetens 7.0 8.75 23 .3 1.43 0) i re 21 429 
Grapes... ccc cece cece cece e rete e en teeeeeenes 4.0 4.00 11.9 2.50 03 03 36 837 
OVANZS. .. cnc cece cece eee eet e ene eeaneeeepanees 6.0 | 10.00 35.2 1.67 |) an i 284 
Peaches..... ccc ccc cece neces cee ceceuseceeceteus 4.0 8.00 25.1 2.50 OL }........ 19 398 
Pears... ccc c cece cece eee e eens eee eeeeeneeeeeagens 3.0 6.00 11.5 3.33 02 01 42 866 
Plums... . cece tense eee cece teen eeeee ee eeenneees 3.0 3.33 8.1 3.33 608 | ....... 64 1,232 
Watermelons........cc cece cece cnet eet eteeeaees 1.5 7.50 25.0 6.67 Ol] ..c..ee 18 400 
Blackberries. ....... cc cee cece ene ee nest reeeeeves 7.0 5.38 25.9 1.48 .02 .O1 16 386 
Cramberries. ....... ccc ccc c eect r ene eesteteesataes 5.0] .12.50 23.3 2.00 OL 01 20 430 
Currants... . ccc ccc cece cere eee cece eer eeenesnns 5.0 3.33 18.9 2.00 608 [.....eee .26 530 
RaspberrieS........cccce cece et eet ae eeneeenceeeges 7.0 7.00 27.4 1.48 .O1 |........ 18 365 
Strawberries. ...... 0... s eee cece cece ener enenes 7.0) 7.78}; 40.0] 1.48 OL 01 .10 250 
Dried Fruits 
7156) 9) (3: pe 12.0 7.50 8.9 83 01 .02 55 1,121 
ALTER. . cece cect ace e cece enn es tener eeesetaeens 10.0 5.26 6.9 1.00 02 08 wal 1,450 
FigS. occ cece cc cee c cence eee e eee teee ee eeneeeens 15.0 3.50 10.2 67 03 |........ 50 988 
PruneS.. 0... cece cc pec cece ete eee eee ee eeen crane 10.0 5.56 8.4 1.60 02 |......., .62 1,190 
Raising. .... 0 cece ccc ccc cece eve ceeneeteeeentnes 10.0 4.35 6.9 1.00 02 03 69 1,445 
Jams, Preserves, Etc. 
Apple preserves.......0.. cece e cece eens eeeeeeseene 16.0 | 91.43 13.8 es rr 39 127 
Apple butter... . ccc ce cee ree eee e eens 5.0} 10.00 5.6 2.00 OL |........ 94 1,780 
Currant and raspberry jam... ce eee eee eee ee ees 16.0 | 26.66 12.8 iy a 42 7 
Gooseberry JAM... cece cece eee eeeeen 16.0} 32.00 13.2 2 -40 752 
Orange marmalade. ..... 0. ce cece ee ence eens 16.0 | 26.66 10.1 ys rn .52 983 
Prune SAUCE... cee cece eee eect een eeee ences 16.0} 32.00 37.2 ny es re 14 267 
Strawberry preserves... .... cece cece eect eee eee eees 16.0 | 26.87 12.0 62 loo ccc ce cleccucees 44 833 
Apple jelly... 00... cccece cece eee eet enaaeeeenges 16.0} 53.33 12.2 5 en ee 43 812 
Currant jelly ...... ccc ccc cee eee terse neces 16.0) 40.00 13.4 Ay .40 744 
Guava jelly... ccc cc cece eee cree sent eeennes 16.0; 53.33 10.5 oy re Pr 51 952 
Quince jelly... 0... cece eee ee ee eee eee ee eeees 16.0 | 80.00 13.3 Ayn 40 750 
Apricots, canned..........cc ene cec cee nee seer eeene 16.0 | 17.78 47.1 62 O1 |........ il 211 
Pears, Canned... 2. ccc cee reece eet e a tenes 16.0 | 58.33 45.5 ny re re 11 220 
Peaches, canned...... 0. ccc cece ee cece nee e ences 16.0; 20.00 53.2 Ay ee 09 188 
Grape juice... cece eee e rene eeeeees 20.0} 83.83 | 128.2 2) ee 04 78 
Other Foods for Comparison . 
Porterhouse steak... 00. cece cc cece eter eee eeene 25.0 1.31 22.5 40 07 .O7 |....... 444. 
Leg mutton, bind........ 0... ccc cece eee ere teens 20.0 1.30 22.2 50 07 .O7 |........ 445 
Whole milk... cee cece wee reece cence eeeece 3.5 1.06 10.5 2.86 09 Al 14 925 
Skim milk...........-. ig ‘Growesa YE eae er 2.0 59 11.8 5,00 17 02 26 850 
Wheat flour, patent roller process, hi rade an 
medium’. ce aveeeeneee P nee eveuees 2.5 22 1.5 4.00 46 04 3.00 6,600 
White bread. ...... 0c ccc eee cece eres nee enene 5.0 04 4,2 2.00 18 03 1.06 2,430 
Rye bread... 0... cece cee nee e ec cee n ee eeceeeeeteeee 5.0 56 43 2.00 18 01 1.06 2,360 
10 6.0 |........ 3 2 1.67 jo. eee leew ee eee 1.67 3,106 
Candy... cc cc ccc cc sce c eer ee escent eee eeteeneaneee 20.0 |.......- 11.2 {| rr re 48 892 
Beans, dried. 1.0.0... ccc cece eee ees cee cenee cence 5.0 22 3.1 2.00 45 03 1.19 3,210 
=) a 5 0 5 56 | 714 2.00 02 |i..... . .05 4 
Potatoes, 90 cents ver bushel 15 83 48' 667! .12' MM 98 2,068 
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