FUNGUS—GALLS 
Fungus Beetle, n. 
A beetle that lives in or upon fungi, 
as an endomychid or Mycetophagid. 
Fungus Cellulose, n 
The cellulose found in fungi; a term 
used by De Barry and others. It always 
resists the action of ammoniacal copper 
oxid, but has the same chemical composi- 
tion as ordinary cellulose. 
Fungus cerebri (Pathol) 
Hernia of the brain. 
Fungus Disease, n. 
Mycetoma. 
Fungus Gnat, n. 
A minute mycetophilid gnat, whose 
larvae inhabit fungi. 
Fungus Midge 
Fungus Hematodes 
A soft bleeding or ulcerating carcino- 
matous tumor of rapid growth. 
Fungus Pit, n. 
A pit for growing mushrooms or other 
fungi. 
Fungus Stone, n. 
A mass of earth and mycelium, used 
for propagation (as of the Polyporus twb- 
eraster in Italy). 
Fungus Tinder, n 
Tinder made from a fungus, as from 
Polyporus wniarius. 
Hedgehog Fungus 
Same as hedgehog mushroom. 
Horsetaul Fungus 
Same as horsetail mushroom. 
House Fungus, n. 
Any saprophytic fungus growing on 
moist wood in houses. 
Mik Fungus, n. 
Any species of Lactarius, a genus of 
agarics, yielding white or colored juice. 
L. volemus and L. delicious are edible. 
Shelf Fungus, n. 
A fungus attached to its supporting 
surface like a shelf. 
-—Standaid Dictionary 
Foner. See Diseases of Various Fruits 
and Vegetables. 
Funeicie. See Spraying. 
Galls 
A gall, in the botanical sense, is an 
excresence on a plant due to some injury, 
from instruments as in cultivation or 
1067 
grafting, or from animals, insects, bac- 
teria or fungi. 
The disease manifests itself in a cal- 
lous growth, or hypertrophied tissue on 
some part of the tree or plant. In some 
respects it resembles, in relation to plant 
life, the tumor on the animal organism. 
Some galls are caused by bacteria, as in 
the case of crown gall (Bactertum tume- 
faciens). Some are caused by toxins in- 
jected by an insect that injures or punc- 
tures the bark, others are caused by the 
mechanical irritation of the plant cells as 
in the case of sucking insects like the 
woolly aphis. 
Crown galls, so called because they 
most frequently occur on the crown of 
the plant, may occur anywhere on the 
plant. The organism causing crown gall 
is a bacterium and all galls so caused 
are called “Crown Galls” wherever they 
appear. Naturally we would suppose 
“Crown Gall” was on the crown, no mat- 
ter what were the causes, but according 
to the literature of the subject it might 
be on the lateral roots, the trunk or the 
branches. 
Some Causes That Produce Galls 
Gall Fly 
1. A kind of insect which stings the 
plant in laying its eggs. 
Gall Midge 
2. An insect that punctures the bark, 
leaf or surface, and deposits its egg in the 
cavity. The subseyuent growth, consti- 
tuting the gall, is either the effect of 
some virus deposited with the egg or of 
the irritation caused by the larva which 
lives in the gall until it has completed 
its development. 
Gall Louse 
38. An aphid which often infests the 
roots of orchard trees, forming what is 
generally called “Aphis gall.” 
Apple Gall 
Quercus infectoria 
4. The gall or oak apple of the gall 
oak. 
Gall Beetle 
5. A beetle that produces galls by 
puncturing the bark. 
