1088 
necessary to have more than two. The 
cuttings will range in length from 10 to 
14 inches, although the majority are 
usually about 12 inches long. 
Pack the cuttings in bundles of fifty 
each and store in green sawdust in a cool 
cellar until spring. The ground on which 
grape cuttings are to be planted should 
be moderately rich and plowed very 
deeply, preferably the fall before they are 
planted. The cuttings should be planted 
out early in April, care being taken to 
see that their buds have not begun to 
push out while packed in the sawdust. 
In the nursery the rows should be four 
feet apart and perfectly straight, being 
lined up with a wire or garden line. The 
cuttings may be planted by making holes 
about four inches apart, like planting 
apple grafts, or a furrow from eight to 
ten inches deep may be made. In either 
case, the cuttings should not stand up 
straight, but should lean toward the 
south, and the soil be packed very firmly 
around the bottom joint; only the top 
bud should be left above ground and the 
soil should be almost up to it. 
The cuttings will often strike root from 
both the joints under ground, thus mak- 
ing very strong plants. They should 
grow in nursery rows for one, or pref- 
erably, two years, when they are ready 
to be moved to the permanent planting. 
The vineyard rows should be from eight 
to ten feet apart and the vines from six 
to eight feet apart in the rows. At the 
time of planting the vines should be cut 
back, leaving only about two buds to each 
branch. 
Old grape vines are sometimes renewed 
or the varieties changed by cleft-grafting. 
This is done in the manner described for 
cleft-grafting the apple, except that 
usually the soil is drawn away from 
around the plants and the vines sawed 
off below ground at least three or four 
inches. The vine is split open and two 
scions inserted and the earth packed 
around them. It is not necessary to use 
grafting wax on the wound. The sgoil 
should be drawn around the scions, leav- 
ing only one bud of each above ground. 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
Single Eye Cuttings 
When wood for making cuttings is very 
valuable or scarce, rapid propagation is 
effected by means of single eye cuttings, 
using either the matured wood of the new 
growth in fall or the green growing wood 
in summer. The cuttings in either case 
are made by using only one joint for each, 
and must be started into growth by being 
covered an inch deep, while lying fiat 
in a sand box or bed in a greenhouse or 
hotbed. Single eye cuttings make weak 
vines. 
W. L. Howarp 
Grapes in Northeastern United States 
Next to the Pacific coast region, that 
section of country known to horticultur- 
ists as District No. 2, is the greatest grape 
growing section of the United States. 
(See Page 192.) 
This section includes Nova _ Scotia, 
Maine, below 500 feet elevation; New 
Hampshire and Vermont, south of lati- 
tude 44 degrees; Massachusetts, Rhode 
Island, Connecticut, New York, south of 
latitude 44, except Long Island; North 
New Jersey; above 500 feet elevation; 
Pennsylvania, east of the Susquehanna 
river and above 500 feet elevation, north 
of latitude 41, west of the Alleghaney 
river, and all that portion of the state 
lying north of the Ohio river; Ohio and 
Indiana, north of latitude 40 degrees; the 
lower peninsula of Michigan; and Ontario 
south of Atlantic coast, the lake region 
of Western New York, Ohio, Ontario, 
Michigan and the Hudson river valley 
are the leading features of District No. 2. 
There are in the Lake Erie valley of 
Western New York, alone, over 30,000 
acres of grapes. This section, in connec- 
tion with Northwestern Pennsylvania, 
produces annually over $2,500,000 worth 
of grapes for the markets. 
The following on the culture of the 
grape is adapted to this region: 
Culture 
Loeation 
*The ideal location for the vineyard is 
gently sloping land. Many fine vineyards 
are located on steep hillsides, yet the 
* Circular 19, New York Experiment Station. 
