1096 
Twelve Counties Where Raisins are 
Produced—(Crop of 1909) 
3 204,000 
cece cece eee eeeeenes 83 
Talat EE 20000000 
Kings... cee ccc cee eect een eees 18,000,000 
Sutter... . 0... ccc eee ee cee ees 4,500,000 
San Bernardino..........-...0. 3,600,000 
San Diego. ........- cece eee eee 3,200,000 
Madera .......c cece cnt cece eees 2,400,000 
0) (0 pa 2,000,000 
Kern. . cc. cc cee eect eee e ee eees 1,100,000 
Colusa..... 0. ccc eee e cece eens 900,000 
Los Angeleés............0.0ee eee 600,000 
Riversid@...... 0... ce cee eee ee 296,000 
Total... ccc cece eee eee eee 140,000,000 
GRAPES IN OREGON 
The grape culture has not, as yet, been 
very highly developed in Oregon; this 
industry should receive much more at- 
tention. There are two sections in the 
state that are specially adapted for the 
production of the Vinifera or European 
grape as it is commonly called, near The 
Dalles and in parts of Southern Oregon 
in such regions as the Rogue River val- 
ley. The best areas are found principal- 
ly on red hill lands that are provided 
with good air and soil drainage, have a 
warm sunny exposure and are out of the 
fog and frost belt. Such grapes as 
Tokay, Muscat, Thompson Seedling, etc., 
grow to the highest degree of perfection, 
possess splendid quality and are un- 
excelled by any grapes the writer has 
ever tasted. There is a large demand for 
the product and much more attention 
should be given to this industry. 
These lands can also grow the Ameri- 
can or table grapes. Much more atten- 
tion should be given to this product, as 
we are steadily importing grapes from 
Eastern points. The Umpqua valley of- 
fers a good field for early table or Ameri- 
can grapes like the Worden, Concord, 
Delaware, Niagara and Brighton. These 
varieties also succeed well in the Wil- 
lamette valley on the silt loams along 
the rivers and on the sunny, rich hill 
lands when such lands are not exposed 
to cold winds. 
The vines are planted in rows about 
five to six feet apart and the plants 
from six to eight feet apart in the row, 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
according to the system of pruning. The 
renewal systems of pruning, in which 
bearing wood is cut away each year and 
new bearing wood produced, are the bet- 
ter. Part of the canes should be re. 
moved. A strong vine can stand four 
canes, while some of the weaker grow- 
ing sorts should have but two canes. At 
times it is best to limit the number of 
bunches the vine is allowed to produce, 
and throw greater vitality into the re- 
maining bunches. 
Grapes must be given exceedingly good 
care the first three years and not be al- 
lowed to bear during that period, so 
that more vitality may be thrown into 
the growing vines. They will need 
severe cutting back the first few years 
and when pruned upright each will pro- 
duce arms for fruiting. European va- 
rielies are usually grown on stumps, al- 
though sometimes they are placed on 
wires, while the American varieties are 
always grown according to the latter 
method.--Oregon Experiment Station 
Bulletin 111. 
GRAPE GROWING IN THE SOUTH 
Introduction 
Grapevines grow well in nearly all 
parts of the South, and with reasonable 
care they seldom fail to produce abun- 
dant crops. The grape may, therefore, be 
set down as among the most satisfactory 
fruits grown in this section. Grapes 
ripen at a season when other fruits are 
scarce; their acid flavor is especially 
agreeable in the warm days of July and 
August, and they can usually be sold at 
a fair price. In the South the vines are 
never injured by severe freezes, and 
therefore need no winter protection. Oc- 
casionally a late spring frost destroys 
the early blooms, but never hurts the 
vine enough to prevent its bearing a fair 
crop of fruit. Few fruit-bearing plants 
are less particular about the soil in which 
they grow, and few will yield so much 
fruit in proportion to the land they oc- 
cupy and the labor they require. Wild 
grapes are abundant in the woods 
throughout the entire region, and where- 
ever grapes are found growing wild the 
cultivated vines are sure to succeed. 
