GRAPE DISEASES 1121 
Clea ad ~“ “ nl 
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place and each tier throughout the car 
is braced in the same manner. 
After load is completed the space left 
in the doorway for bracing measures 
2 feet 714 inches and is braced by means 
of gate braces constructed of 2x4-inch 
material, as follows: 
Each gate consists of two uprights 5 
feet 4 inches long and four cross pieces, 
about 2 feet 4 inches long, built in be- 
tween each row, making five gates in the 
center bracing as indicated by heavy lines 
in diagram No. 2. The uprights are first 
put in and cross pieces cut from % inch 
to 1 inch longer than the exact measure- 
ment and wedged in so as to take up 
any slack and keep the load from shift- 
ing. Cross pieces are first put in between 
the uprights on the car floor and securely 
toenailed to the car floor and the up- 
rights with additional cross pieces about 
14 inches apart and securely nailed to 
the uprights. After all the gates have 
been completed car strips are nailed to 
the uprights on each side of the brace, 
on top of the lower cross piece and un- 
der each of the other cross pieces, there- 
by preventing gates from shifting side- 
ways and making a solid load. 
H. E. Coie 
2-—30 
GRAPE DISEASES 
See Miscellaneous 
ANAHEIM DISEASES. 
Diseases, this section. 
Anthracnose 
Sphaceloma ampelinum De By. 
Anthracnose has also been called 
‘“bird’s-eye rot,” on account of the pecul- 
iar spots it produces upon affected grapes. 
Like most of the other diseases of the 
grape, it attacks the leaves and shoots as 
well as the fruit. On the leaves it at 
‘first appears as minute, irregular, dark 
brown, slightly sunken spots, having a 
darker margin. These spots usually be- 
come lighter colored when old, and fre- 
quently crack or fall out, leaving irregu- 
lar holes in the leaves. This disease 
presents much the same appearance on 
the shoots as on the leaves, though the 
spots are frequently larger and more 
sunken. They also tend to run together 
and form irregular patches. 
The disease is most characteristic and 
conspicuous upon the fruit. The spots 
are usually brown at first and surround- 
ed by a narrow, dark purplish margin; 
they increase in size and gradually be- 
come grayish white and somewhat sunk- 
en. Frequently two or more spots unite 
and cover a considerable part of the ber- 
ry. The fruit becomes hard and more 
or less wrinkled. If only a small part 
