GRAPE DISEASES 
which received this name. At present 
vines are occasionally affected with some- 
thing which might pass for the same 
disease, but it is difficult or impossible 
even for the experienced plant patholo- 
gist, save, perhaps, one who was familiar 
with the Anaheim disease at the time 
of its first and greatest period of preva- 
lence, to say just what is really Anaheim 
disease and what is one of the various 
troubles which have received other 
names. We quote as follows from Cali- 
fornia Experiment Station Bulletin 197: 
Mysterious Dying of Vines 
Anaheim Disease 
“The vine, like most plants, especially 
fruit trees, which are cultivated on a 
large scale, is subject to diseases of more 
or less intensity whose cause is not 
thoroughly understood. These diseases 
are (1) caused by parasitic organisms 
which have so far escaped detection, or 
(2) what is usually known as ‘physio- 
logical.’ 
“Physiological diseases are presumably 
due to some unfavorable conditions. For 
example, chlorosis, or the failure of the 
leaves to develop chlorophyll properly, is 
due to an excess of soluble lime carbon- 
ate in the soil, and is intensified by cold, 
dampness and the susceptibility of the 
variety. 
“The most serious of these two classes 
of diseases, which affects the vines, is 
the Anaheim, or, as it is sometimes called, 
the California Vine Disease. Notwith- 
standing that it has been the subject 
of continuous investigation for over 15 
years its cause is still quite obscure. 
Even the characterization and detection 
of the disease are so uncertain that vine- 
yards, which after several years of ob- 
servation by the most experienced in- 
vestigators have been pronounced infect- 
ed, have later been declared free. This 
has led to such a diversity of opinion 
that while one expert claims that the 
disease exists in every vineyard in the 
state, another would have us believe that 
no such disease exists at all, and that all 
cases of dying vines can be ascribed to 
one or other of the recognized vine dis- 
eases. 
1127 
“Neither of these extreme views seems 
to explain completely the observed facts. 
While many cases of supposed Anahewm 
have proved to be nothing but Phyllos- 
era, root rot, vine hopper, drought, etc, 
there still remains a large number of un- 
explained cases. 
“Tn some cases the symptoms are prac- 
tically identical with those of some of 
the ‘physiological’ diseases which affect 
the vine in Hurope. Typical cases of 
Rougeot have been noted in Contra 
Costa county, of Brunissure in San Joa- 
quin, and of Folletage in Fresno, Kings, 
and other counties. In Sonoma county 
the disease of Red Leaf, which has some 
analogy with Anahewm, has been studied 
by Mr. O. Builer. An account of these 
diseases may be found in Bulletin 168, 
entitled ‘Observations on Some Vine 
Diseases in Sonoma County.’ 
“In a general way, aS these troubles 
are due to soil and climatic conditions 
which weaken the vine, they are to be 
combated by cultural methods which tend 
to invigorate. Shorter pruning, thorough 
cultivation, irrigation or drainage, and 
fertilization will in most cases be effective 
in curing vines which are not too far 
gone. 
“Many cases have been brought to the 
attention of the station during the last 
two years, in which vines which were 
apparently healthy the previous year 
have failed to bud out in the spring, or 
budded out weakly and very late. The 
cause, in most cases, seemed to be some 
injury to the vines during the growing 
season of the previous year. This cause 
was in many cases the attacks of vine 
hoppers. Black Prince vines growing in 
Tokay vineyards have very often been 
killed. This seems to be because the vine 
hoppers, having a special fondness for 
this variety, congregate in large numbers 
on such isolated vines. Whenever the 
hoppers are sufficiently abundant to cause 
the dropping of the leaves in summer, 
the vine fails to ripen its wood properly. 
Without mature green leaves the buds 
and canes do not receive the stores of 
starch which they need for the new 
growth in spring, and will either grow 
