1134 
a purplish coloration at the point punc- 
tured in egg-laying. If infested berries 
be examined it will be readily possible 
to distinguish between the grape curculio 
and the grape berry moth, since the grubs 
of the former are whitish and quite desti- 
tute of legs, whereas the larvae of the 
berry moth have well developed legs, are 
greenish in color, quite agile, and like- 
ly to escape quickly upon being disturbed. 
Distribution and Destructiveness 
The grape curculio is a native species, 
feeding originally on the wild grape, as 
it does at the present time. It is dis- 
tributed well over the United States east 
of the Rocky mountains. 
Life History and Habits 
The insect passes the winter in the 
adult or beetle stage, hiding under trash 
in and near vineyards, especially border- 
ing woods. About the time in the spring 
that the grape is in bloom the beetles 
come from their hibernation quarters 
and for the first few days or a week are 
quite sluggish, but gradually become 
more active, feeding on the foliage of 
the grape until the berries are about one- 
fourth grown or of sufficient size to be 
suitable for receiving the eggs. This 
habit of feeding on the exposed portions 
of the vines some three or four weeks be- 
fore egg-laying permits of their ready 
destruction by arsenical poisons. Late 
in June, in the latitude of West Virginia, 
the females begin depositing eggs in the 
berries, excavating a cavity in which a 
single egg is placed. About four to six 
days, varying with the temperature, are 
required for the eggs to hatch, and the 
resulting larva burrows through the 
pulp, reaching the seed in three or four 
days, which is penetrated and the con- 
tents devoured. In 12 to 15 days the 
larva has become full grown and leaves 
the berry by eating a hole to the out- 
side, falls to the ground and at once 
seeks a suitable place for pupation, as 
under stones, lumps of earth, or just be- 
low the surface of the soil. Here an 
earthen cell is made and the larva trans- 
forms to the pupa, the adult beetle emerg- 
ing in the course of 18 or 19 days, at first 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
blackish in color with gray hairs, but 
soon becoming the normal brown color. 
The life cycle from egg to adult, as 
stated by Brooks for a large series of 
individuals, requires about 35 days. The 
new generation of beetles feed upon the 
foliage until fall, when they go into hi- 
bernation, appearing the following spring, 
as stated. 
Treatment 
Poisoning 
The beetles feed freely upon the foli- 
age of the grape in the spring for sev- 
eral weeks before egg-laying begins and 
continue feeding in the fall after egeg- 
laying ceases along with beetles of the 
new generation, and it is thus an easy 
matter to bring about their destruction 
by arsenical sprays. The treatments ad- 
vised for the grape berry moth and root 
worm, with perhaps an additional treat- 
ment two or three weeks later, will prac- 
tically control the insect. 
A. L. QUAINTANCE, 
Farmers’ Bulletin 284. 
Grape Leaf Folder 
Desmia funeralis Huber 
This insect occurs in considerable num- 
bers in some sections every year, but the 
total injury is not usually very great. 
They may be easily detected in a vine- 
yard by the characteristic rolling of the 
leaves. One edge is rolled up rather 
tightly to about half way across the leaf, 
making a tube less than the diameter 
of a lead pencil, in which the larva lives. 
The leaf is always rolled on the under 
side. The insects feed by eating off the 
free edge of the leaf in the interior of 
the roll, so that they are always protect- 
ed by the outer layers of the rolled por- 
tion. The insect hibernates as a chrys- 
alis, appearing and laying eggs upon the 
vine in the spring. The larvae of the 
first brood appear about the first of 
June and by the twentieth of June they 
change to pupae. The larva is a green- 
ish-white caterpillar, about an inch long 
when full grown. They wriggle out of 
their nests very vigorously when dis- 
turbed and drop to the ground. There 
are two broods in a season. 
This insect occurs, apparently, through- 
