1148 
istic, rather than the sharp acidity of 
the vinegar. 
“Horseradish mixed with vinegar, mus- 
tard, spices and salt is a condiment that 
has considerable favor in some markets. 
It keeps longer than the horseradish 
alone. 
“After bottling, put in the corks, then 
cover the top with sealing wax so as to 
make the bottle air-tight. This aids in 
keeping the contents white and piquant, 
whereas, if the sealing wax is omitted, 
there will be enough air filter through 
the cork to darken the upper part of 
the horseradish in a short time. If a 
restaurant or hotel trade is to be sup- 
plied, it will pay to furnish the horse- 
radish in bulk or in quart or half-gallon, 
screw-top jars. In larger cities this is 
done with profit.” 
HORSERADISH DISEASES 
Brown Spot 
Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. 
Occurs in Europe and America upon 
cabbage and horseradish, producing 
brown spots with concentric markings. 
This disease may be controlled by 
thorough spraying with Bordeaux. 
Reference 
Duggar. Fungus Diseases of Plants. 
Root Rot 
Thielavia basicola (B. & Br.) Zopf. 
This disease attacks a variety of plants 
in addition to horseradish, among them 
the lupines, tobacco, and the violet. The 
distribution seems to be from Ohio 
eastward in the United States and in 
Hurope. 
The attack is especially severe in seed 
beds. The roots fail to develop normal- 
ly. The roots may be browned and rough- 
ened on the outside, but the fungus pene- 
trates to all parts of the interior of the 
root, 
It is thought that this disease is almost 
constantly associated with an alkaline 
soil. Thorough aeration and general 
sanitary measures are required. 
Reference 
Fungus Diseases of Plants. 
See Cabbage Diseases. 
Dugear. 
Waite Rust. 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
HORSERADISH PESTS 
See Cabbage Pests. 
See Cabbage 
CABBAGE WoRM. 
HARLEQUIN CABBAGE Buc. 
Pests. 
WESTERN ARMY WorM. 
Hore Ariis oN PLUM. 
See Beet Pests. 
See Aphids. 
Horticulture 
Horticulture is a department of the 
science of agriculture. Agriculture is 
the larger term and includes the growing 
of cereals, grasses, farm products and 
all kinds of vegetation useful to man- 
kind. Horticulture is used in a restricted 
sense, and is that department of agricul- 
ture which treats of the growing of 
fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental 
plants. Horticulture may, therefore, be 
divided into pomology or the growing of 
fruits, olericulture or vegetable garden- 
ing, floriculture or the raising of orna- 
mental plants for their individual uses 
or for their products, and landscape hor- 
ticulture or the growing of plants for 
their uses in the landscape. Practically, 
horticulture will treat of the adaptations 
of horticultural plants to certain varieties 
of soil, climate, altitude and general en- 
vironmental conditions. 
Fruit Growing 
Why is fruit growing more difficult 
than other branches of agriculture? 
First: It is more difficult because the 
fruit tree is more highly organized than 
the grasses, the cereals, and the root 
crops. The higher and more complex the 
organization the greater the difficulty in 
understanding it. Just as a machine 
with a larger number of parts requires 
more careful study than one less com- 
plex, so the tree that is more highly 
organized requires more careful culture 
and handling. 
Second: The fruit of the tree, which is 
the part of value, is tenderer than the 
valuable part of hay, corn, wheat, po- 
tatoes, oats, and other farm products. 
It must, therefore, be handled with great- 
er care. In handling apples and peaches, 
for instance, each one must be carefully 
handled without bruising, while hay can 
be handled with a fork, and potatoes, 
