1158 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
Frost and Precipitation in Winois 
Ari eet RRL Yip AN AAs hmanyrern tthe RR lAlRaLunahi erm thapartih freee 
tative neni AampamytitionstA niente ieatnyttaantritrmten aati ete TAA etait OH 
Frost Precipitation 
: Average Date of Date of 
tation 
First Last First Last Annual 
Killing in i in in 
Autumn Spring Autumn Spring 
Winnebago.............. Oct. 2 May 2 Sept. 18 June 6 32.6 
Chicago............ 00. Oct. 16 May 1 Sept. 18 June 8 33.4 
Galva... ccc eee eee Oct. 12 April 29 Sept. 29 May 31 33.2 
Ottawa... ccc cece ee eee Oct. 7 April 23 Sept. 19 May 21 36.7 
Peoria... cece eee eee Oct. 19 April 12 Sept. 29 May Il 34.7 
Bloomington............ Oct. 7 April 27 Sept. 18 June 6 36.1 
Griggsville........... .| Oct. 19 April 19 Sept. 29 May 23 37.0 
Springfield.............. Oct. 16 April 20 Sept. 25 May 22 37.4 
Philo... cece eee Sept. 24 May 3 Sept. 14 June 6 36.0 
Greenville............ Oct. 15 April 14 Sept. 19 May 6 39.5 
Olney... oe. cee eee Oct. 16 April 20 Sept. 30 May 14 38.8 
Tilden.............00005 Oct. 16 April 7 Sept. 14 May 1 37.1 
Ciro... cece eee Oct. 27 Mar. 29 Sept. 30 April 19 41.6 
Indiana 
Indiana is a part of that great basin 
called the Mississippi valley. Its extreme 
length, north and south, is 276 miles; 
extreme width, 177 miles. The surface 
of the state is comparatively level; the 
highest elevation is in Randolph county, 
in the center of the eastern tier of coun- 
ties, and is 1,285 feet above the sea; the 
lowest is in the southwestern corner of 
the state and is 315 feet above the sea. 
The Ohio river bed at the southeastern 
corner of the state is 486 feet, and Lake 
Michigan at the northwestern corner is 
585 feet. The northern portion of the 
state is quite flat with a number of small 
lakes, with a soil deposit of glacial forma- 
tion, swamps, prairies, and in some parts 
heavy timber. The southern portion is 
hilly and bluffy along the streams. The 
hills are not high and generally back of 
the bluffs there are level plateaus. The 
drainage system in the southern part is 
toward the Ohio river; in the western 
part it is toward the Wabash river, and 
in the northern part toward Lakes Erie 
and Michigan, except a small portion in 
the northwestern part which drains into 
Illinois. 
The oldest geological formation is the 
Hudson and Trenton limestone, of the 
Silurian age, in the southeast. West of 
this is the Niagara formation extending 
across the state, and further west is the 
Hamilton limestones and sandstones of 
the Devonian age. The soil for the most 
part is fertile. Originally the southern 
portion, as far north as the town of Wa- 
bash, was covered with very heavy for- 
ests, mostly of hardwood. North of this 
were prairies interspersed with sand 
ridges and dotted with hundreds of small 
lakes. This region is very productive of 
melons, cucumbers, certain classes of veg- 
etables, and small fruits, and from this 
section a large amount of vegetable 
products is shipped to Chicago and other 
cities of the North. The richest lands 
are alluvial flats along the streams and 
where heavy vegetation has rotted on the 
surface. In the northwest the tempera- 
ture is modified by Lake Michigan, so that 
it is often milder in winter in the lake 
region than 75 miles further south. 
In the northeast the climate and soil 
are well adapted to the growing of apples, 
pears, plums and cherries of the hardier 
varieties, but this region is a little too 
cold to risk commercial orchards of 
peaches, pears, apricots and the tenderer 
varieties of cherries and other fruits. The 
soil is a sandy loam with a clay subsoil 
